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to believe in spirits

  • 1 верить

    1. believed

    те, которые верят — they who believe

    2. credited
    3. trusted

    я верю ему, как самому себе — I trust him as I would myself

    4. believe; believe in; trust

    тот, кто верит … — he that believes …

    та, которая верит … — she that believes …

    вы верите тому, что он говорит? — do you believe his story?

    5. credit
    6. trust
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. веровать (глаг.) верить в бога; веровать
    2. доверять (глаг.) доверять; надеяться; питать доверие; полагаться

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > верить

  • 2 верить в привидения

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > верить в привидения

  • 3 Geist

    m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur Sg.; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit; Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit; Mann von Geist man of wit; vor Geist sprühen oder seinen Geist sprühen lassen scintillate; den oder seinen Geist aushauchen geh. euph. (sterben) give up the ghost; den Geist aufgeben umg. (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out; das / er geht mir auf den Geist umg. it / he really gets on my nerves, it’s / he’s driving me crazy; im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye; im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner; wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit; der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur Sg.; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes Pl. umg.; der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit; der Geist des Christentums etc. the spirit of Christianity etc.; es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit; in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of s.o.; daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition; ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts; böser Geist evil spirit, demon; der Böse Geist KIRCHL. the Evil One; hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted; bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; heilig
    4. fig. Person: großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker); kleiner Geist small-minded person; dienstbarer Geist umg., hum. (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure; jemandes guter Geist s.o.’s guiding light; sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department; sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg.; scheiden III
    * * *
    der Geist
    (Gespenst) specter; ghost; phantom; spectre;
    (Seele) animus; spirit;
    (Verstand) brains; intellect; mind;
    (Witz) wit
    * * *
    [gaist]
    m -(e)s, -er
    1) no pl (= Denken, Vernunft) mind

    der menschliche Géíst, der Géíst des Menschen — the human mind

    Géíst und Materie — mind and matter

    mit Géíst begabt — endowed with a mind

    "Phänomenologie des Géístes" — "Phenomenology of the Spirit"

    2) (REL = Seele, außerirdisches Wesen) spirit; (= Gespenst) ghost

    Géíst und Körper — mind and body

    seinen Géíst aufgeben or aushauchen (liter, iro) — to give up the ghost

    der Géíst ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach (prov) — the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak

    der Heilige Géíst — the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    der Géíst Gottes — the Spirit of God

    der böse Géíst — the Evil One

    der Géíst der Finsternis — the Prince of Darkness

    gute/böse Géíster — good/evil spirits

    die Stunde der Géíster — the witching hour

    der gute Géíst des Hauses (geh) — the moving spirit in the household

    von allen guten Géístern verlassen sein (inf) — to have taken leave of one's senses (inf)

    jdm auf den Géíst gehen (inf) — to get on sb's nerves

    in dem Schloss gehen Géíster um — the castle is haunted, the castle is walked by ghosts (liter)

    3) (no pl = Intellekt) intellect, mind; (fig = Denker, Genie) mind

    Géíst haben — to have a good mind or intellect; (Witz) to show wit

    einen regen/lebhaften Géíst haben —

    ein Mann von großem Géíst — a man of great intellect, a man with a great mind

    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem Géíst — the speech was not particularly brilliant

    das geht über meinen Géíst (inf) — that's way over my head (inf), that's beyond me (inf)

    hier scheiden sich die Géíster — this is the parting of the ways

    seinen Géíst anstrengen (inf) — to use one's brains (inf)

    sie sind verwandte Géíster — they are kindred spirits

    kleine Géíster (iro: ungebildet) — people of limited intellect; (kleinmütig) small-minded or petty-minded people

    See:
    4) no pl (= Wesen, Sinn, Gesinnung) spirit

    in kameradschaftlichem Géíst — in a spirit of comradeship

    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer Géíst — this office has a friendly atmosphere

    in seinem/ihrem Géíst — in his/her spirit

    in jds Géíst handeln — to act in the spirit of sb

    der Géíst der Zeit/der russischen Sprache — the spirit or genius (liter) of the times/of the Russian language

    nach dem Géíst des Gesetzes, nicht nach seinem Buchstaben gehen — to go by the spirit rather than the letter of the law

    daran zeigt sich, wes Géístes Kind er ist — that (just) shows what kind of person he is

    5) no pl (= Vorstellung) mind

    etw im Géíst(e) vor sich sehen — to see sth in one's mind's eye

    sich im Géíst(e) als etw/als jd/an einem Ort sehen — to see or picture oneself as sth/as sb/in a place

    im Géíste bin ich bei euch — I am with you in spirit, my thoughts are with you

    * * *
    der
    1) (a spirit, usually of a dead person: Do you believe in ghosts?; Hamlet thought he saw his father's ghost.) ghost
    2) (a principle or emotion which makes someone act: The spirit of kindness seems to be lacking in the world nowadays.) spirit
    3) (a person's mind, will, personality etc thought of as distinct from the body, or as remaining alive eg as a ghost when the body dies: Our great leader may be dead, but his spirit still lives on; ( also adjective) the spirit world; Evil spirits have taken possession of him.) spirit
    4) (an elf or fairy: a water-sprite.) sprite
    * * *
    Geist1
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [ˈgaist]
    m
    1. kein pl (Vernunft) mind
    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem \Geist the speech was no testament to a great mind
    ihr \Geist ist verwirrt she's mentally deranged
    seinen \Geist anstrengen to put one's mind to it
    seinen \Geist aushauchen (euph geh) to breathe one's last
    jdm [mit etw dat] auf den \Geist gehen (fam) to get on sb's nerves [with sth] fam
    im \Geist[e] (in Gedanken) in spirit, in one's thoughts; (in der Vorstellung) in one's mind's eye, in one's thoughts
    etw im \Geiste vor sich dat sehen to see sth in one's mind's eye, to picture sth
    \Geist und Körper body and mind
    der menschliche \Geist, der \Geist des Menschen the human mind
    2. kein pl (Witz) wit
    er sprühte vor \Geist he was as witty as could be
    eine Rede voller \Geist und Witz a witty speech
    \Geist haben to have esprit
    ein Mann ohne/von \Geist a dull/witty man
    \Geist versprühen to be scintillating
    3. kein pl (Gesinnung) spirit
    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer \Geist there's a spirit of cooperation in this office
    an \Geist und Buchstaben einer S. gen halten to observe the spirit and letter of sth
    der freie \Geist free thought
    in kameradschaftlichem \Geist in a spirit of camaraderie [or comradeship]
    in jds \Geist how sb would have wished
    der \Geist der Zeit the spirit of the times [or age
    4. (Destillat) spirit
    5.
    ▶ seinen [o den] \Geist aufgeben (iron veraltet: sterben) to give up the ghost, to breathe one's last; (hum fam: kaputtgehen) to give up the ghost
    ▶ wes \Geistes Kind jd ist the kind of person sb is
    ▶ da [o hier] scheiden sich die \Geister opinions differ here
    ▶ der \Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak
    Geist2
    <-[e]s, -e>
    m
    1. (Denker) mind, intellect
    große \Geister stört das nicht (hum fam) that doesn't bother me/us etc.
    kleiner \Geist small-minded person, person of limited intellect
    2. (Charakter) spirit
    ein guter \Geist an angel
    der gute \Geist des Hauses the moving [or guiding] spirit of the household
    ein unruhiger \Geist a restive spirit, a restless creature
    verwandte \Geister kindred spirits
    3. (Wesenheit) spirit
    der böse \Geist the Evil One old
    dienstbarer \Geist ministering spirit
    der \Geist der Finsternis (geh) the Prince of Darkness
    der \Geist Gottes the Spirit of God
    der Heilige \Geist the Holy Ghost
    4. (Gespenst) ghost
    ihm erschien der \Geist seiner toten Mutter he was visited by the ghost of his dead mother
    \Geister gehen hier um this place is haunted
    wie ein \Geist aussehen to look very pale; krank a. to look like death warmed up [or AM over] fam; erschreckt a. to look as if one has seen a ghost
    einen \Geist beschwören to invoke a spirit
    böse/gute \Geister evil/good spirits
    5.
    ▶ dienstbarer \Geist (hum fam) servant
    ▶ von allen guten \Geistern verlassen sein (fam) to have taken leave of one's senses
    ▶ jdm als Heiliger \Geist erscheinen, jdm den Heiligen \Geist schicken MIL, SCH (veraltet sl) to don fancy dress at night and thrash sb sleeping in bed
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    Geist m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur sg; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit;
    Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit;
    Mann von Geist man of wit;
    seinen Geist aushauchen geh euph (sterben) give up the ghost;
    den Geist aufgeben umg (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out;
    das/er geht mir auf den Geist umg it/he really gets on my nerves, it’s/he’s driving me crazy;
    im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye;
    im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner;
    wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit;
    der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur sg; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes pl umg;
    der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit;
    der Geist des Christentums etc the spirit of Christianity etc;
    es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit;
    in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of sb;
    daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition;
    ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts;
    böser Geist evil spirit, demon;
    der Böse Geist KIRCHE the Evil One;
    hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted;
    bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; → heilig
    4. fig Person:
    großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker);
    kleiner Geist small-minded person;
    dienstbarer Geist umg, hum (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure;
    jemandes guter Geist sb’s guiding light;
    sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department;
    sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg; → scheiden C
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    -er m.
    esprit n.
    ghost n.
    mind n.
    soul n.
    specter n.
    spirit n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Geist

  • 4 geist

    m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur Sg.; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit; Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit; Mann von Geist man of wit; vor Geist sprühen oder seinen Geist sprühen lassen scintillate; den oder seinen Geist aushauchen geh. euph. (sterben) give up the ghost; den Geist aufgeben umg. (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out; das / er geht mir auf den Geist umg. it / he really gets on my nerves, it’s / he’s driving me crazy; im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye; im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner; wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit; der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur Sg.; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes Pl. umg.; der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit; der Geist des Christentums etc. the spirit of Christianity etc.; es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit; in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of s.o.; daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition; ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts; böser Geist evil spirit, demon; der Böse Geist KIRCHL. the Evil One; hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted; bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; heilig
    4. fig. Person: großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker); kleiner Geist small-minded person; dienstbarer Geist umg., hum. (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure; jemandes guter Geist s.o.’s guiding light; sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department; sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg.; scheiden III
    * * *
    der Geist
    (Gespenst) specter; ghost; phantom; spectre;
    (Seele) animus; spirit;
    (Verstand) brains; intellect; mind;
    (Witz) wit
    * * *
    [gaist]
    m -(e)s, -er
    1) no pl (= Denken, Vernunft) mind

    der menschliche Géíst, der Géíst des Menschen — the human mind

    Géíst und Materie — mind and matter

    mit Géíst begabt — endowed with a mind

    "Phänomenologie des Géístes" — "Phenomenology of the Spirit"

    2) (REL = Seele, außerirdisches Wesen) spirit; (= Gespenst) ghost

    Géíst und Körper — mind and body

    seinen Géíst aufgeben or aushauchen (liter, iro) — to give up the ghost

    der Géíst ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach (prov) — the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak

    der Heilige Géíst — the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    der Géíst Gottes — the Spirit of God

    der böse Géíst — the Evil One

    der Géíst der Finsternis — the Prince of Darkness

    gute/böse Géíster — good/evil spirits

    die Stunde der Géíster — the witching hour

    der gute Géíst des Hauses (geh) — the moving spirit in the household

    von allen guten Géístern verlassen sein (inf) — to have taken leave of one's senses (inf)

    jdm auf den Géíst gehen (inf) — to get on sb's nerves

    in dem Schloss gehen Géíster um — the castle is haunted, the castle is walked by ghosts (liter)

    3) (no pl = Intellekt) intellect, mind; (fig = Denker, Genie) mind

    Géíst haben — to have a good mind or intellect; (Witz) to show wit

    einen regen/lebhaften Géíst haben —

    ein Mann von großem Géíst — a man of great intellect, a man with a great mind

    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem Géíst — the speech was not particularly brilliant

    das geht über meinen Géíst (inf) — that's way over my head (inf), that's beyond me (inf)

    hier scheiden sich die Géíster — this is the parting of the ways

    seinen Géíst anstrengen (inf) — to use one's brains (inf)

    sie sind verwandte Géíster — they are kindred spirits

    kleine Géíster (iro: ungebildet) — people of limited intellect; (kleinmütig) small-minded or petty-minded people

    See:
    4) no pl (= Wesen, Sinn, Gesinnung) spirit

    in kameradschaftlichem Géíst — in a spirit of comradeship

    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer Géíst — this office has a friendly atmosphere

    in seinem/ihrem Géíst — in his/her spirit

    in jds Géíst handeln — to act in the spirit of sb

    der Géíst der Zeit/der russischen Sprache — the spirit or genius (liter) of the times/of the Russian language

    nach dem Géíst des Gesetzes, nicht nach seinem Buchstaben gehen — to go by the spirit rather than the letter of the law

    daran zeigt sich, wes Géístes Kind er ist — that (just) shows what kind of person he is

    5) no pl (= Vorstellung) mind

    etw im Géíst(e) vor sich sehen — to see sth in one's mind's eye

    sich im Géíst(e) als etw/als jd/an einem Ort sehen — to see or picture oneself as sth/as sb/in a place

    im Géíste bin ich bei euch — I am with you in spirit, my thoughts are with you

    * * *
    der
    1) (a spirit, usually of a dead person: Do you believe in ghosts?; Hamlet thought he saw his father's ghost.) ghost
    2) (a principle or emotion which makes someone act: The spirit of kindness seems to be lacking in the world nowadays.) spirit
    3) (a person's mind, will, personality etc thought of as distinct from the body, or as remaining alive eg as a ghost when the body dies: Our great leader may be dead, but his spirit still lives on; ( also adjective) the spirit world; Evil spirits have taken possession of him.) spirit
    4) (an elf or fairy: a water-sprite.) sprite
    * * *
    Geist1
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [ˈgaist]
    m
    1. kein pl (Vernunft) mind
    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem \Geist the speech was no testament to a great mind
    ihr \Geist ist verwirrt she's mentally deranged
    seinen \Geist anstrengen to put one's mind to it
    seinen \Geist aushauchen (euph geh) to breathe one's last
    jdm [mit etw dat] auf den \Geist gehen (fam) to get on sb's nerves [with sth] fam
    im \Geist[e] (in Gedanken) in spirit, in one's thoughts; (in der Vorstellung) in one's mind's eye, in one's thoughts
    etw im \Geiste vor sich dat sehen to see sth in one's mind's eye, to picture sth
    \Geist und Körper body and mind
    der menschliche \Geist, der \Geist des Menschen the human mind
    2. kein pl (Witz) wit
    er sprühte vor \Geist he was as witty as could be
    eine Rede voller \Geist und Witz a witty speech
    \Geist haben to have esprit
    ein Mann ohne/von \Geist a dull/witty man
    \Geist versprühen to be scintillating
    3. kein pl (Gesinnung) spirit
    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer \Geist there's a spirit of cooperation in this office
    an \Geist und Buchstaben einer S. gen halten to observe the spirit and letter of sth
    der freie \Geist free thought
    in kameradschaftlichem \Geist in a spirit of camaraderie [or comradeship]
    in jds \Geist how sb would have wished
    der \Geist der Zeit the spirit of the times [or age
    4. (Destillat) spirit
    5.
    ▶ seinen [o den] \Geist aufgeben (iron veraltet: sterben) to give up the ghost, to breathe one's last; (hum fam: kaputtgehen) to give up the ghost
    ▶ wes \Geistes Kind jd ist the kind of person sb is
    ▶ da [o hier] scheiden sich die \Geister opinions differ here
    ▶ der \Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak
    Geist2
    <-[e]s, -e>
    m
    1. (Denker) mind, intellect
    große \Geister stört das nicht (hum fam) that doesn't bother me/us etc.
    kleiner \Geist small-minded person, person of limited intellect
    2. (Charakter) spirit
    ein guter \Geist an angel
    der gute \Geist des Hauses the moving [or guiding] spirit of the household
    ein unruhiger \Geist a restive spirit, a restless creature
    verwandte \Geister kindred spirits
    3. (Wesenheit) spirit
    der böse \Geist the Evil One old
    dienstbarer \Geist ministering spirit
    der \Geist der Finsternis (geh) the Prince of Darkness
    der \Geist Gottes the Spirit of God
    der Heilige \Geist the Holy Ghost
    4. (Gespenst) ghost
    ihm erschien der \Geist seiner toten Mutter he was visited by the ghost of his dead mother
    \Geister gehen hier um this place is haunted
    wie ein \Geist aussehen to look very pale; krank a. to look like death warmed up [or AM over] fam; erschreckt a. to look as if one has seen a ghost
    einen \Geist beschwören to invoke a spirit
    böse/gute \Geister evil/good spirits
    5.
    ▶ dienstbarer \Geist (hum fam) servant
    ▶ von allen guten \Geistern verlassen sein (fam) to have taken leave of one's senses
    ▶ jdm als Heiliger \Geist erscheinen, jdm den Heiligen \Geist schicken MIL, SCH (veraltet sl) to don fancy dress at night and thrash sb sleeping in bed
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    …geist m im subst; CHEM, GASTR spirit(s pl US);
    Himbeergeist (white) raspberry brandy;
    Mirabellengeist plum brandy
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    -er m.
    esprit n.
    ghost n.
    mind n.
    soul n.
    specter n.
    spirit n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > geist

  • 5 esprit

    esprit [εspʀi]
    1. masculine noun
       a. ( = pensée) mind
    • dans mon esprit ça voulait dire... to my mind it meant...
    • il m'est venu à l'esprit que... it crossed my mind that...
       b. ( = humour) wit
       d. (Religion, spiritualism) spirit
    • esprit, es-tu là ? is there anybody there?
       e. [de loi, époque, texte] spirit
       f. ( = aptitude) avoir l'esprit d'analyse/critique to have an analytical/critical mind
       g. ( = attitude) spirit
    * * *
    ɛspʀi
    nom masculin
    1) ( caractère) mind
    2) ( cerveau) mind
    3) ( humour) wit
    4) ( humeur) mood; ( disposition) spirit; ( ambiance) atmosphere
    5) ( personne) individual

    l'un des plus grands esprits de son temps — one of the greatest minds of his/her time

    6) ( caractéristique) spirit
    7) Philosophie, Religion, Mythologie spirit

    ‘esprit es-tu là?’ — ‘is there anybody there?’

    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    perdre ses esprits — ( s'évanouir) to faint; ( être très troublé) to take leave of one's senses

    retrouver or reprendre ses esprits — ( après un malaise) to regain consciousness; ( après une émotion) to collect one's wits

    * * *
    ɛspʀi
    1. nm
    1) (= pensée, intellect, facultés) mind

    avoir l'esprit à faire qch — to be in the mood to do sth, to feel like doing sth

    Ça ne m'est pas venu à l'esprit. — It didn't cross my mind., It never crossed my mind.

    2) (= humour) wit

    Il a beaucoup d'esprit. — He's very witty.

    3) (mentalité, d'une loi) spirit
    2. esprits nmpl

    reprendre ses esprits — to come to, to come round

    * * *
    esprit nm
    1 ( caractère) mind; avoir l'esprit logique/vif to have a logical/quick mind; avoir l'esprit mal placé or tourné to have a dirty mind; avoir l'esprit d'aventure to be adventurous; avoir un esprit de synthèse to be good at synthesizing; avoir l'esprit d'à-propos to have a ready wit; avoir l'esprit de contradiction to be contrary; avoir l'esprit de système to systematize things; avoir l'esprit de sacrifice to be willing to make sacrifices;
    2 ( cerveau) mind; garder l'esprit libre to keep an open mind; l'idée m'a traversé l'esprit the idea crossed my mind; mettre un doute dans l'esprit de qn to sow the seeds of doubt in sb's mind; cela m'était totalement sorti de l'esprit it completely slipped my mind; avoir/garder qch à l'esprit to have/keep sth in mind; mettre qch dans l'esprit de qn to get sb to bear sth in mind; mets-toi bien ça dans l'esprit bear that in mind; dans mon/leur esprit c'était facile the way I/they saw it, it was easy; paresse d'esprit intellectual laziness; cela m'occupe l'esprit it gives me something to think about; cela me repose l'esprit I find it relaxing for the mind; cela ne t'est jamais venu à l'esprit? didn't it ever occur to you?; se transporter en esprit en 1789 to go back mentally to 1789; avoir l'esprit dérangé to be disturbed; avoir l'esprit ailleurs to be miles away; ⇒ simple;
    3 ( humour) wit; pétiller d'esprit to sparkle with wit; avoir de l'esprit to be witty; une réponse pleine d'esprit a witty reply; avec esprit wittily; femme d'esprit witty woman; faire de l'esprit to try to be witty; tous deux rivalisent d'esprit they're each trying to be wittier than the other;
    4 ( humeur) mood; ( disposition) spirit; ( ambiance) atmosphere; avoir l'esprit chagrin to be in a despondent mood; je n'ai pas l'esprit à rire I'm in no mood for laughing; dans un esprit de vengeance/confrontation/compromis in a spirit of revenge/confrontation/compromise; il y a un meilleur esprit the atmosphere has improved;
    5 ( personne) individual; un esprit prudent/rebelle/faible a cautious/rebellious/spineless individual; l'un des plus grands esprits de son temps one of the greatest minds of his/her time; esprit fort freethinker; être un esprit libre to be a free spirit; calmer les esprits to calm people down; les esprits sont échauffés feeling is running high;
    6 ( caractéristique) spirit; conserver l'esprit de l'émission to try to preserve the spirit of the programmeGB; dans l'esprit de l'époque or du temps in the spirit of the age; conforme à/contraire à l'esprit de l'entreprise in accordance with/contrary to the company ethic;
    7 Philos, Relig spirit; les choses de l'esprit spiritual matters;
    8 Mythol spirit; des esprits maléfiques evil spirits; un esprit bienfaisant a kindly spirit; croire aux esprits to believe in ghosts; ‘esprit es-tu là?’ ‘is there anybody there?’;
    9 Ling esprit doux/rude smooth/rough breathing.
    esprit d'à-propos ready wit; esprit de caste class consciousness; avoir l'esprit de caste to be class conscious; esprit de club club spirit; avoir l'esprit de club to be clubbable; esprit de corps solidarity, esprit de corps sout; avoir l'esprit de corps to show solidarity; esprit d'équipe team spirit; avoir l'esprit d'équipe to have team spirit; esprit de famille family solidarity; ils ont l'esprit de famille they're a very close family; je n'ai pas l'esprit de famille I'm not very family-oriented; esprit frappeur poltergeist; Esprit saint Relig Holy Spirit ou Ghost; esprit de sel† spirits of salt†; esprit de vin† spirit of wine†.
    perdre ses esprits ( s'évanouir) to faint; ( être très troublé) to take leave of one's senses; retrouver or reprendre ses esprits ( après un malaise) to regain consciousness; ( après une émotion) to collect one's wits; ne pas être un pur esprit to be only flesh and blood; les grands esprits se rencontrent great minds think alike.
    [ɛspri] nom masculin
    1. [manière de penser] mind
    avoir l'esprit étroit/large to be narrow-minded/broad-minded
    avoir l'esprit lent/vif to be slow-witted/quick-witted
    avoir l'esprit d'à-propos to be quick off the mark, to have a ready wit
    2. [facultés, cerveau] mind, head
    as-tu perdu l'esprit? are you out of your mind?, have you completely lost your head?
    maintenant que j'ai fini le rapport, j'ai l'esprit libre now I've finished the report, I can relax
    ça m'a traversé l'esprit it occurred to me, it crossed my mind
    dans mon esprit, la chambre était peinte en bleu in my mind's eye, I saw the bedroom painted in blue
    dans mon esprit, les enfants partaient avant nous what I had in mind was for the children to go before us
    3. [idée] sense
    4. [mentalité] spirit
    esprit de chapelle ou clan ou clocher ou parti parochial attitude
    esprit de compétition/d'équipe competitive/team spirit
    c'est du mauvais esprit he's/they're etc. just trying to make trouble
    5. [humeur]
    6. [personne] mind
    7. [humour] wit
    une remarque pleine d'esprit a witty remark, a witticism
    [ange]
    Esprit malin, Esprit des ténèbres Evil Spirit, Evil One
    9. [fantôme] ghost, spirit
    esprit doux/rude smooth/rough breathing
    11. CHIMIE [partie volatile] spirit
    esprit de sel, esprit-de-sel spirits of salt
    esprit de vin, esprit-de-vin spirits of wine, ethanol
    ————————
    esprits nom masculin pluriel
    a. [après un évanouissement] to regain consciousness, to come to
    b. [se ressaisir] to get a grip on oneself
    dans un esprit de locution prépositionnelle
    dans un esprit de justice in a spirit of justice, in an effort to be fair

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > esprit

  • 6 duch

    m 1. (zjawa) ghost, spirit
    - duch zamordowanego rycerza the ghost of a murdered knight
    - historie o duchach ghost stories
    - wywoływać duchy to conjure up ghosts a. spirits
    - bać się duchów to be frightened of ghosts
    - wierzyć w duchy to believe in ghosts a. spirits
    - w duchy wierzysz!iron. you must be joking, are you kidding?
    2. Mitol., Relig. spirit
    - duchy przodków ghosts of ancestors
    - dobre/opiekuńcze duchy good/tutelary spirits
    - duch Boży Bibl. the spirit of God
    - duch nieczysty Bibl. unclean spirit
    - zły duch evil spirit także przen.
    - on jest twoim złym duchem he’s a bad influence on you
    3. Relig. (dusza) soul
    - ubodzy duchem Bibl. the poor in spirit
    - oddać ducha (Bogu)książk. to die
    - wyzionąć ducha pot. to give up the ghost
    - upał był taki, że mało ducha nie wyzionąłem a. że myślałem, że ducha wyzionępot. it was so hot I thought I was going to drop dead a. give up the ghost on the spot pot.
    - leżeć bez ducha to lie (as if) lifeless
    - paść bez ducha to collapse
    4. Filoz. (przeciwieństwo materii) spirit 5. sgt (psychika) spirit, mind; (nastrój) spirits pl
    - wolny/niespokojny duch a free spirit
    - przymioty czyjegoś ducha the attributes of sb’s spirit
    - pogoda ducha cheerfulness
    - być pokarmem dla ducha to be good for the soul
    - w duchu [wierzyć, sądzić, uważać] in one’s heart of hearts
    - śmiać się w duchu to laugh up one’s sleeve
    - w głębi ducha in one’s heart of hearts
    - nieobecny duchem miles away przen.
    - młody duchem young at heart
    - osoba małego/wielkiego ducha a narrow-minded/a generous-spirited person
    - podnieść kogoś na duchu to raise sb’s spirits
    - tracić ducha a. upadać na duchu to lose heart
    - jest mi raźniej na duchu my spirits have risen
    - jest im ciężko na duchu they are in low spirits, their spirits have sunk
    6. (nastawienie) spirit
    - duch współpracy/wspólnoty team/community spirit
    - mieć w sobie ducha przekory to be a contradictory soul
    - okazywać ducha walki/współzawodnictwa to show a fighting/competitive spirit
    - robić coś w duchu optymizmu/pokory/przebaczenia to do sth in a spirit of optimism/humility/forgiveness
    - w duchu społecznym/patriotycznym in a public-spirited/patriotic way
    7. sgt (odwaga) spirit
    - człowiek wielkiego/małego ducha a faint-hearted/courageous person a. individual
    - okazać hart ducha to show spirit
    - złamać czyjegoś ducha to break sb’s spirit
    - tracić ducha to lose spirit a. heart
    - upadać na duchu to become dispirited
    - nabrać ducha to recover one’s courage
    8. sgt (kultury, społeczności) spirit (czegoś of sth); (języka, narodu, epoki) genius książk. (czegoś of sth)
    - duch liberalizmu/chrześcijański liberal/Christian spirit
    - duch czasu the spirit of the times a. age
    - iść z duchem czasu to move with the times
    - w duchu lat 60. in the spirit of the 1960s
    - przestrzegać ducha prawa/umowy to be in the spirit of the law/agreement
    - złamano ducha ustawy the law has been broken in spirit
    - przekład nie oddaje ducha oryginału the translation is not true to the original a. is not in the spirit of the original
    9. (osoba) genius
    - □ Duch Święty Relig. the Holy Spirit a. Ghost
    ■ co duch a. duchem przest. instanter przest.; with all speed
    - wszelki duch (Pana Boga chwali) as I live and breathe!
    - ani żywego ducha not a soul
    - nowy duch wstąpił w a. ożywił kogoś sb has taken heart
    * * *
    -a; m
    spirit; ( zjawa) nom pl; -y ghost

    Duch Święty — REL Holy Spirit lub Ghost

    wyzionąć ( perf) ducha — to give up the ghost

    zły duch — jinx, gremlin; ( osoba) evil genius

    podnosić (podnieść perf) kogoś na duchu — to cheer sb up, to raise sb's spirit

    * * *
    ma
    1. (= wnętrze człowieka) spirit, soul, mind; okazać hart ducha demonstrate l. display l. show fortitude; spokój ducha ease l. peace of mind; w skrytości ducha secretly, deep inside one's mind l. heart; w duchu inwardly; w głębi ducha secretly, inwardly; jesteś jeszcze młody duchem you're still young at heart, your mind is still young; teraz mi raźniej na duchu I am cheered l. heartened now; przebywać gdzieś (daleko) duchem be absent-minded, be engrossed in one's thoughts, seem to be far away.
    2. fil., rel. soul, spirit, ghost; zły duch (= diabeł) devil, Satan; (= osoba) jinx, evil spirit l. genius; dobry duch good spirit; duchy opiekuńcze attendant spirits; oddać Bogu ducha give up the ghost; Bogu ducha winien as innocent as a (new-born) babe; wszelki duch Pana Boga chwali! God! You scared the living daylights out of me!; (God) bless my soul!; where the devil did you come from?!; nie było tam żywego ducha there wasn't a (living) soul there; wyzionąć ducha give up the ghost; upaść bez ducha fall lifeless, drop breathless; ledwie się duch w nim kołacze he is on his last legs; Duch Święty rel. the Holy Spirit l. Ghost.
    3. (= zjawa) ghost, spirit; wywoływać duchy conjure (up) spirits, evoke spirits; zniknąć jak duch disappear like a ghost.
    4. (= usposobienie) spirit; człowiek wielkiego ducha big-hearted person; niespokojny duch restless spirit; buntowniczy duch rebellious spirit.
    5. (= nastrój) spirit, atmosphere, climate; spotkanie odbyło się w duchu pojednania meeting was held in a spirit l. an atmosphere of reconciliation; duch czasów spirit of the times; iść z duchem czasu keep up with the times; duch narodowy national spirit.
    6. (= zapał) spirit; brak wam ducha! you're lacking spirit!; dodać komuś ducha walki hearten sb, get up sb's courage; podnieść kogoś na duchu cheer sb up, raise l. lift sb's spirits; nabrać ducha muster courage, be heartened; odebrać komuś ducha break sb's spirit, take the heart out of sb; nowy duch wstąpił we mnie I recovered my courage, I recovered my will to act; nie traćcie ducha don't lose heart; upadać na duchu lose heart.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > duch

  • 7 πνεῦμα

    πνεῦμα, ατος, τό (πνέω; Aeschyl., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+. On the history of the word s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 308ff).
    ① air in movement, blowing, breathing (even the glowing exhalations of a volcanic crater: Diod S 5, 7, 3)
    ⓐ wind (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX, EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 343; 349; SibOr 8, 297) in wordplay τὸ πνεῦμα πνεῖ the wind blows J 3:8a (EpJer 60 πνεῦμα ἐν πάσῃ χώρᾳ πνεῖ. But s. TDonn, ET 66, ’54f, 32; JThomas, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 219–24). ὀθόνη πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένη MPol 15:2. Of God ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα who makes his angels winds Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both Ps 103:4).
    ⓑ the breathing out of air, blowing, breath (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Tim. 79b; LXX) ὁ ἄνομος, ὅν ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 2 Th 2:8 (cp. Is 11:4; Ps 32:6).
    ② that which animates or gives life to the body, breath, (life-)spirit (Aeschyl. et al.; Phoenix of Colophon 1, 16 [Coll. Alex. p. 231] πν.=a breathing entity [in contrast to becoming earth in death]; Polyb. 31, 10, 4; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 394b, 8ff; PHib 5, 54 [III B.C.]; PGM 4, 538; 658; 2499; LXX; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 19 [Stone p. 44] al.; JosAs 19:3; SibOr 4, 46; Tat. 4:2) ἀφιέναι τὸ πνεῦμα give up one’s spirit, breathe one’s last (Eur., Hec. 571; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 2) Mt 27:50. J says for this παραδιδόναι τὸ πν. 19:3 (cp. ApcMos 31 ἀποδῶ τὸ πν.; Just., D. 105, 5). Of the return of the (life-)spirit of a deceased person into her dead body ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πν. αὐτῆς Lk 8:55 (cp. Jdg 15:19). εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πν. μου into your hands I entrust my spirit 23:46 (Ps 30:6; for alleged focus on ἐλπίζειν s. EBons, BZ 38, ’94, 93–101). κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου Ac 7:59; composite of both passages AcPl Ha 10, 23 (cp. ApcMos 42). τὸ πν. μου ὁ δεσπότης δέξεται GJs 23:3 (on the pneuma flying upward after death cp. Epicharm. in Vorsokrat. 23 [=13, 4th ed.], B 9 and 22; Eur., Suppl. 533 πνεῦμα μὲν πρὸς αἰθέρα, τὸ σῶμα δʼ ἐς γῆν; PGM 1, 177ff τελευτήσαντός σου τὸ σῶμα περιστελεῖ, σοῦ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα … εἰς ἀέρα ἄξει σὺν αὑτῷ ‘when you are dead [the angel] will wrap your body … and take your spirit with him into the sky’). τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πν. νεκρόν ἐστιν Js 2:26. πν. ζωῆς ἐκ τ. θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the prophet-witnesses who have been martyred) Rv 11:11 (cp. Ezk 37:10 v.l. εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτοὺς πνεῦμα ζωῆς; vs. 5). Of the spirit that animated the image of a beast, and enabled it to speak and to have Christians put to death 13:15.—After a person’s death, the πν. lives on as an independent being, in heaven πνεύματα δικαὶων τετελειωμένων Hb 12:23 (cp. Da 3:86 εὐλογεῖτε, πνεύματα καὶ ψυχαὶ δικαίων, τὸν κύριον). According to non-biblical sources, the πν. are in the netherworld (cp. En 22:3–13; Sib Or 7, 127) or in the air (PGM 1, 178), where evil spirits can prevent them from ascending higher (s. ἀήρ2b). τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν 1 Pt 3:19 belongs here if it refers to Jesus’ preaching to the spirits of the dead confined in Hades (so Usteri et al.; s. also JMcCulloch, The Harrowing of Hell, 1930), whether it be when he descended into Hades, or when he returned to heaven (so RBultmann, Bekenntnis u. Liedfragmente im 1 Pt: ConNeot11, ’47, 1–14).—CClemen, Niedergefahren zu den Toten 1900; JTurmel, La Descente du Christ aux enfers 1905; JMonnier, La Descente aux enfers 1906; HHoltzmann, ARW 11, 1908, 285–97; KGschwind, Die Niederfahrt Christi in die Unterwelt 1911; DPlooij, De Descensus in 1 Pt 3:19 en 4:6: TT 47, 1913, 145–62; JBernard, The Descent into Hades a Christian Baptism (on 1 Pt 3:19ff): Exp. 8th ser., 11, 1916, 241–74; CSchmidt, Gespräche Jesu mit seinen Jüngern: TU 43, 1919, 452ff; JFrings, BZ 17, 1926, 75–88; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; RGanschinietz, Katabasis: Pauly-W. X/2, 1919, 2359–449; Clemen2 89–96; WBieder, Die Vorstellung v. d. Höllenfahrt Jesu Chr. ’49; SJohnson, JBL 79, ’60, 48–51; WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits ’65. S. also the lit. in Windisch, Hdb.2 1930, exc. on 1 Pt 3:20; ESelwyn, The First Ep. of St. Peter ’46 and 4c below.—This is prob. also the place for θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι• ἐν ᾧ καὶ … 1 Pt 3:18f (some mss. read πνεύματι instead of πνεύμασιν in vs. 19, evidently in ref. to the manner of Jesus’ movement; πνεῦμα is that part of Christ which, in contrast to σάρξ, did not pass away in death, but survived as an individual entity after death; s. ἐν 7). Likew. the contrast κατὰ σάρκα … κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 1:3f. Cp. 1 Ti 3:16.
    ③ a part of human personality, spirit
    ⓐ when used with σάρξ, the flesh, it denotes the immaterial part 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5. Flesh and spirit=the whole personality, in its outer and inner aspects, oft. in Ign.: IMg 1:2; 13:1a; ITr ins; 12:1; IRo ins; ISm 1:1; IPol 5:1; AcPl Ant 13, 18 (=Aa I 237, 3).—In the same sense beside σῶμα, the body (Simplicius, In Epict. p. 50, 1; Ps.-Phoc. 106f; PGM 1, 178) 1 Cor 5:3–5; 7:34.—The inner life of humans is divided into ψυχὴ καὶ πνεῦμα (cp. Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 10 p. 370c τὶ θεῖον ὄντως ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ=a divine spirit was actually in the soul; Wsd 15:11; Jos., Ant. 1, 34; Tat. 13, 2; 15, 1 et al.; Ath. 27, 1. S. also Herm. Wr. 10, 13; 16f; PGM 4, 627; 630. ἐκ τριῶν συνεστάναι λέγουσι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ πνεύματος Did., Gen. 55, 14) Hb 4:12. Cp. Phil 1:27. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα 1 Th 5:23 (s. GMilligan, Thess. 1908, 78f; EvDobschütz in Meyer X7 1909, 230ff; EBurton, Spirit, Soul, and Flesh 1918; AFestugière, La Trichotomie des 1 Th 5:23 et la Philos. gr.: RSR 20, 1930, 385–415; CMasson, RTP 33, ’45, 97–102; FGrant, An Introd. to NT Thought ’50, 161–66). σαρκί, ψυχῇ, πνεύματι IPhld 11:2.
    ⓑ as the source and seat of insight, feeling, and will, gener. as the representative part of human inner life (cp. PGM 4, 627; 3 Km 20:5; Sir 9:9 al.; Just., D. 30, 1; Did., Gen. 232, 5) ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ Mk 2:8. ἀναστενάξας τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ λέγει 8:12 (s. ἀναστενάζω). ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πν. μου Lk 1:47 (in parallelism w. ψυχή vs. 46, as Sir 9:9). ἠγαλλιάσατο τῷ πν. 10:21 v.l., Ἰησοῦς ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πν. J 11:33 (s. ἐμβριμάομαι 3); Ἰης. ἐταράχθη τῷ πν. 13:21. παρωξύνετο τὸ πν. αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ Ac 17:16; ζέων τῷ πν. with spirit-fervor 18:25 (s. ζέω). τὸ παιδίον ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι Lk 1:80; 2:40 v.l.; ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πν. Paul made up his mind Ac 19:21 (some would put this pass. in 6c, but cp. Lk 1:66 and analogous formulations Hom. et al. in L-S-J-M s.v. τίθημι A6). προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι of the spiritual, i.e. the pure, inner worship of God, that has nothing to do w. holy times, places, appurtenances, or ceremonies J 4:23; cp. vs. 24b. πν. συντετριμμένον (Ps 50:19) 1 Cl 18:17; 52:4.—2 Cl 20:4; Hv 3, 12, 2; 3, 13, 2.—This usage is also found in Paul. His conviction (s. 5 below) that the Christian possesses the (divine) πνεῦμα and thus is different fr. all other people, leads him to choose this word in preference to others, in order to characterize a believer’s inner being gener. ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πν. μου Ro 1:9. οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πν. μου 2 Cor 2:13. Cp. 7:13. As a matter of fact, it can mean simply a person’s very self or ego: τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν the Spirit (of God) bears witness to our very self Ro 8:16 (cp. PGM 12, 327 ἠκούσθη μου τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπὸ πνεύματος οὐρανοῦ). ἀνέπαυσαν τὸ ἐμὸν πν. καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν they have refreshed both me and you 1 Cor 16:18. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. μετά τοῦ πν. (ὑμῶν) Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25. Cp. 2 Ti 4:22. Likew. in Ign. τὸ ἐμὸν πν. my (unworthy) self IEph 18:1; IRo 9:3; cp. 1 Cor 2:11a—On the relation of the divine Spirit to the believer’s spiritual self, s. SWollenweider, Der Geist Gottes als Selbst der Glaubenden: ZTK 93, ’96, 163–92.—Only a part of the inner life, i.e. that which concerns the will, is meant in τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. That which is inferior, anxiety, fear of suffering, etc. is attributed to the σάρξ.—The mng. of the expr. οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 is difficult to determine w. certainty (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a πένης ἀνὴρ τὴν ψυχήν. The dat. as τῇ ψυχῇ M. Ant. 6, 52; 8, 51). The sense is prob. those who are poor in their inner life, because they do not have a misdirected pride in their own spiritual riches (s. AKlöpper, Über den Sinn u. die ursprgl. Form der ersten Seligpreisung der Bergpredigt bei Mt: ZWT 37, 1894, 175–91; RKabisch, Die erste Seligpreisung: StKr 69, 1896, 195–215; KKöhler, Die ursprgl. Form der Seligpreisungen: StKr 91, 1918, 157–92; JBoehmer, De Schatkamer 17, 1923, 11–16, TT [Copenhagen] 4, 1924, 195–207, JBL 45, 1926, 298–304; WMacgregor, ET 39, 1928, 293–97; VMacchioro, JR 12, ’32, 40–49; EEvans, Theology 47, ’44, 55–60; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 134ff; Betz, SM 116 n. 178 for Qumran reff.).
    ⓒ spiritual state, state of mind, disposition ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος with love and a gentle spirit 1 Cor 4:21; cp. Gal 6:1. τὸ πν. τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν Eph 4:23 (s. νοῦς 2a). ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος with the imperishable (gift) of a quiet disposition 1 Pt 3:4.
    ④ an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses, spirit (ELangton, Good and Evil Spirits ’42).
    ⓐ God personally: πνεῦμα ὁ θεός J 4:24a (Ath. 16, 2; on God as a spirit, esp. in the Stoa, s. MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48/49. Hdb. ad loc. Also Celsus 6, 71 [Stoic]; Herm. Wr. 18, 3 ἀκάματον μέν ἐστι πνεῦμα ὁ θεός).
    ⓑ good, or at least not expressly evil spirits or spirit-beings (cp. CIG III, 5858b δαίμονες καὶ πνεύματα; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 69, 6; 12 Pasqu.; En 15:4; 6; 8; 10; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 15f [Stone p. 10, 15f] πάντα τὰ ἐπουράνια πνεύματα; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82] ὑψηλὸν πν.; PGM 3, 8 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, ἱερὸν πνεῦμα; 4, 1448; 3080; 12, 249) πνεῦμα w. ἄγγελος (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 108; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 33; 8, 12) Ac 23:8f. God is ὁ παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστης καὶ ἐπίσκοπος 1 Cl 59:3b.—Pl., God the μόνος εὐεργέτης πνεύματων 1 Cl 59:3a. Cp. 64 (s. on this Num 16:22; 27:16. Prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 351–55=LAE 423ff=SIG 1181, 2] τὸν θεὸν τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων; PGM 5, 467 θεὸς θεῶν, ὁ κύριος τῶν πν.; sim. the magic pap PWarr 21, 24; 26 [III A.D.]); the πατὴρ τῶν πνευμάτων Hb 12:9. Intermediary beings (in polytheistic terminology: δαίμονες) that serve God are called λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα Hb 1:14. In Rv we read of the ἑπτὰ πνεύματα (τοῦ θεοῦ) 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6; s. ASkrinjar, Biblica 16, ’35, 1–24; 113–40.— Ghost Lk 24:37, 39.
    ⓒ evil spirits (PGM 13, 798; 36, 160; TestJob 27, 2; ApcSed [both Satan]; AscIs 3:28; Just., D. 39, 6 al.; Ath. 25, 3), esp. in accounts of healing in the Synoptics: (τὸ) πνεῦμα (τὸ) ἀκάθαρτον (Just., D. 82, 3) Mt 12:43; Mk 1:23, 26; 3:30; 5:2, 8; 7:25; 9:25a; Lk 8:29; 9:42; 11:24; Rv 18:2. Pl. (TestBenj 5:2) Mt 10:1; Mk 1:27; 3:11; 5:13; 6:7; Lk 4:36; 6:18; Ac 5:16; 8:7; Rv 16:13; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.—τὸ πν. τὸ πονηρόν Ac 19:15f. Pl. (En 99:7; TestSim 4:9; 6:6, TestJud 16:1; Just., D. 76, 6) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f.—πν. ἄλαλον Mk 9:17; cp. vs. 25b (s. ἄλαλος). πν. πύθων Ac 16:16 (s. πύθων). πν. ἀσθενείας Lk 13:11. Cp. 1 Ti 4:1b. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου (s. δαιμόνιον 2) Lk 4:33. πνεύματα δαιμονίων Rv 16:14 (in effect = personified ‘exhalations’ of evil powers; for the combination of πν. and δαιμ. cp. the love spell Sb 4324, 16f τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δαιμόνων τούτων).—Abs. of a harmful spirit Mk 9:20; Lk 9:39; Ac 16:18. Pl. Mt 8:16; 12:45; Lk 10:20; 11:26.—1 Pt 3:19 (s. 2 above) belongs here if the πνεύματα refer to hostile spirit-powers, evil spirits, fallen angels (so FSpitta, Christi Predigt an die Geister 1890; HGunkel, Zum religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 72f; WBousset, ZNW 19, 1920, 50–66; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919, 25ff; Knopf, Windisch, FHauck ad loc.; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, esp. 54–56, 69).—Hermas also has the concept of evil spirits that lead an independent existence, and live and reign within the inner life of a pers.; the Holy Spirit, who also lives or would like to live there, is forced out by them (cp. TestDan 4) Hm 5, 1, 2–4; 5, 2, 5–8; 10, 1, 2. τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον … ἕτερον πονηρὸν πν. 5, 1, 2. These πνεύματα are ὀξυχολία 5, 1, 3; 5, 2, 8 (τὸ πονηρότατον πν.); 10, 1, 2; διψυχία 9:11 (ἐπίγειον πν. ἐστι παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου); 10, 1, 2; λύπη 10, 1, 2 (πάντων τῶν πνευμάτων πονηροτέρα) and other vices. On the complicated pneuma-concept of the Mandates of Hermas s. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hm 5, 2, 7; cp. Leutzsch, Hermas 453f n. 133.
    ⑤ God’s being as controlling influence, with focus on association with humans, Spirit, spirit as that which differentiates God fr. everything that is not God, as the divine power that produces all divine existence, as the divine element in which all divine life is carried on, as the bearer of every application of the divine will. All those who belong to God possess or receive this spirit and hence have a share in God’s life. This spirit also serves to distinguish Christians fr. all unbelievers (cp. PGM 4, 1121ff, where the spirit is greeted as one who enters devotees and, in accordance w. God’s will, separates them fr. themselves, i.e. fr. the purely human part of their nature); for this latter aspect s. esp. 6 below.
    ⓐ the Spirit of God, of the Lord (=God) etc. (LXX; TestSim 4:4; JosAs 8:11; ApcSed 14:6; 15:6; ApcMos 43; SibOr 3, 701; Ps.-Phoc. 106; Philo; Joseph. [s. c below]; apolog. Cp. Plut., Numa 4, 6 πνεῦμα θεοῦ, capable of begetting children; s. παρθένος a) τὸ πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:11b, 14; 3:16; 6:11; 1J 4:2a (Just., D. 49, 3; Tat. 13, 3; Ath. 22, 3). τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πν. 1 Pt 4:14 (Just., A I, 60, 6). τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12b. τὸ πν. κυρίου Ac 5:9; B 6:14; B 9:2 (cp. Mel., P. 32, 222). τὸ πνεῦμά μου or αὐτοῦ: Mt 12:18 (Is 42:1); Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f.—Cp. 1QS 4:21); 1 Cor 2:10a v.l.; Eph 3:16; 1 Th 4:8 (where τὸ ἅγιον is added); 1J 4:13.—τὸ πν. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν Mt 10:20. τὸ πν. τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ro 8:11a.—Without the art. πν. θεοῦ (JosAs 4:9; Tat. 15:3; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 18]) the Spirit of God Mt 3:16; 12:28; Ro 8:9b, 14, 19; 1 Cor 7:40; 12:3a; 2 Cor 3:3 (πν. θεοῦ ζῶντος); Phil 3:3. πν. κυρίου Lk 4:18 (Is 61:1); Ac 8:39 (like J 3:8; 20:22; Ac 2:4, this pass. belongs on the borderline betw. the mngs. ‘wind’ and ‘spirit’; cp. Diod S 3, 60, 3 Ἕσπερον ἐξαίφνης ὑπὸ πνευμάτων συναρπαγέντα μεγάλων ἄφαντον γενέσθαι ‘Hesperus [a son of Atlas] was suddenly snatched by strong winds and vanished fr. sight’. S. HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919, 19ff; OCullmann, TZ. 4, ’48, 364); 1 Cl 21:2.
    ⓑ the Spirit of Christ, of the Lord (=Christ) etc. τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ Ac 16:7. τὸ πν. Χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:32. τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς πν. Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:11. πν. Χριστοῦ Ro 8:9c. πν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ AcPl Ha 8, 18. ἀπὸ τοῦ πν. τοῦ χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:10. τὸ πν. Ἰης. Χριστοῦ Phil 1:19. τὸ πν. κυρίου 2 Cor 3:17b (JHermann, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61). τὸ πν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ (=θεοῦ) Gal 4:6. As possessor of the divine Spirit, and at the same time controlling its distribution among humans, Christ is called κύριος πνεύματος Lord of the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18 (s. Windisch ad loc.); but many prefer to transl. from the Lord who is the Spirit.—CMoule, OCullmann Festschr., ’72, 231–37.
    ⓒ Because of its heavenly origin and nature this Spirit is called (the) Holy Spirit (cp. PGM 4, 510 ἵνα πνεύσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα.—Neither Philo nor Josephus called the Spirit πν. ἅγιον; the former used θεῖον or θεοῦ πν., the latter πν. θεῖον: Ant. 4, 118; 8, 408; 10, 239; but ἅγιον πνεῦμα Orig. C. Cels 1, 40, 16).
    α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (Is 63:10f; Ps 50:13; 142:10 v.l.; cp. Sus 45 Theod.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 10 [Stone p. 10]; JosAs 8:11 [codd. ADE]; AscIs 3, 15, 26; Just., D. 36, 6 al.) Mt 12:32 = Mk 3:29 = Lk 12:10 (τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα; on the ‘sin against the Holy Spirit’ s. HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 96–112; AFridrichsen, Le péché contre le Saint-Esprit: RHPR 3, 1923, 367–72). Mk 12:36; 13:11; Lk 2:26; 3:22; 10:21; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; 2:33; 5:3, 32; 7:51; 8:18 v.l.; 10:44, 47; 11:15; 13:2; 15:8, 28; 19:6; 20:23, 28; 21:11; 28:25; Eph 1:13 (τὸ πν. τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἅγιον); 4:30 (τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ); Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 16:2; 18:11 (Ps 50:13); 22:1; IEph 9:1; Hs 5, 5, 2; 5, 6, 5–7 (on the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Son in Hermas s. ALink, Christi Person u. Werk im Hirten des Hermas 1886; JvWalter, ZNW 14, 1913, 133–44; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. following Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 572–76).—τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα (Wsd 9:17; OdeSol 11:2; TestJob 51:2; ApcEsdr 7:16; Just. D. 25, 1 al.) Mt 28:19; Lk 12:10 (s. above), 12; Ac 1:8; 2:38 (epexegetic gen.); 4:31; 9:31; 10:45; 13:4; 16:6; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 13:13; 1J 5:7 v.l. (on the Comma Johanneum s. λόγο 3); GJs 24:4 (s. χρηματίζω 1bα). As the mother of Jesus GHb 20, 61 (HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 64ff; SHirsch, D. Vorstellg. v. e. weibl. πνεῦμα ἅγ. im NT u. in d. ältesten christl. Lit. 1927. Also WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 9ff).
    β. without the art. (s. B-D-F §257, 2; Rob. 761; 795) πνεῦμα ἅγιον (PGM 3, 289; Da 5:12 LXX; PsSol 17:37; AssMos Fgm. b; Just., D. 4, 1 al.; Ath. 24, 1. S. also Da Theod. 4:8, 9, 18 θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἅγιον or πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἅγιον) Mk 1:8; Lk 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25; 4:1; 11:13; J 20:22 (Cassien, La pentecôte johannique [J 20:19–23] ’39.—See also 1QS 4:20f); Ac 2:4a; 4:8; 7:55; 8:15, 17, 19; 9:17; 10:38; 11:24; 13:9; 19:2ab; Hb 2:4; 6:4; 1 Pt 1:12 v.l.; 1 Cl 2:2; AcPl 6:18; 9:4 (restored after Aa I 110, 11); AcPlCor 2:5.—So oft. in combination w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου Ac 1:2; 4:25; Ro 5:5; 2 Ti 1:14; 1 Cl 8:1 (cp. διὰ πν. αἰωνίου Hb 9:14). διὰ φωνῆς πν. ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 6. ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου (Eus., PE 3, 12, 3 of the Egyptians: ἐκ τ. πνεύματος οἴονται συλλαμβάνειν τὸν γῦπα. Here πνεῦμα= ‘wind’; s. Horapollo 1, 11 p. 14f. The same of other birds since Aristot.—On the neut. πνεῦμα as a masc. principle cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 13 of the two original principles: πατέρα μὲν φῶς, μητέρα δὲ σκότος) Mt 1:18, 20; IEph 18:2; GJs 14:2; 19:1 (pap). ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (PsSol 17:37; ApcZeph; Ar. 15, 1) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8 v.l.; Lk 3:16; J 1:33b; Ac 1:5 (cp. 1QS 3:7f); 11:16; Ro 9:1; 14:17; 15:16; 1 Cor 12:3b; 2 Cor 6:6; 1 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 1:12 (without ἐν v.l.); Jd 20. ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου 2 Pt 1:21. Cp. ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου Ro 15:13, 19 v.l. (for πνεύματος θεοῦ). μετὰ χαρᾶς πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6. διὰ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου Tit 3:5.
    ⓓ abs.
    α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα. In this connection the art. is perh. used anaphorically at times, w. the second mention of a word (s. B-D-F §252; Rob. 762); perh. Mt 12:31 (looking back to vs. 28 πν. θεοῦ); Mk 1:10, 12 (cp. vs. 8 πν. ἅγιον); Lk 4:1b, 14 (cp. vs. 1a); Ac 2:4b (cp. vs. 4a).—As a rule it is not possible to assume that anaphora is present: Mt 4:1; J 1:32, 33a; 3:6a, 8b (in wordplay), 34; 7:39a; Ac 8:29; 10:19; 11:12, 28; 19:1 D; 20:3 D, 22; 21:4; Ro 8:23 (ἀπαρχή 1bβ; 2), 26a, 27; 12:11; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:22 and 5:5 (KErlemann, ZNW 83, ’92, 202–23, and s. ἀρραβών); 12:18 (τῷ αὐτῷ πν.); Gal 3:2, 5, 14 (ἐπαγγελία 1bβ); Eph 4:3 (gen. of the author); 6:17 (perh. epexegetic gen.); 1 Ti 4:1a; Js 4:5; 1J 3:24; 5:6ab (some mss. add καὶ πνεύματος to the words διʼ ὕδατος κ. αἵματος at the beg. of the verse; this is approved by HvSoden, Moffatt, Vogels, Merk, and w. reservations by CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46, TManson, JTS 48, ’47, 25–33), vs. 8; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 14:13; 22:17; B 19:2, B 7= D 4:10 (s. ἐτοιμάζω b). ἐν τῷ πνεύματι (led) by the Spirit Lk 2:27.—Paul links this Spirit of God, known to every Christian, with Christ as liberating agent in contrast to legal constraint ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστιν the Lord means Spirit 2 Cor 3:17a (UHolzmeister, 2 Cor 3:17 Dominus autem Spiritus est 1908; JNisius, Zur Erklärung v. 2 Cor 3:16ff: ZKT 40, 1916, 617–75; JKögel, Ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 35–46; C Guignebert, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. II 1928, 7–22; EFuchs, Christus u. d. Geist b. Pls ’32; HHughes, ET 45, ’34, 235f; CLattey, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 187–89; DGriffiths ET 55, ’43, 81–83; HIngo, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61 [Paul]; JDunn, JTS 21, ’70, 309–20).
    β. without the art. πνεῦμα B 1:3. κοινωνία πνεύματος Phil 2:1 (κοινωνία 1 and 2). πνεύματι in the Spirit or through the Spirit Gal 3:3; 5:5, 16, 18; 1 Pt 4:6. εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν if we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit Gal 5:25. Freq. used w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. ἐξ (ὕδατος καὶ) πνεύματος J 3:5. ἐν πνεύματι in, by, through the Spirit Mt 22:43; Eph 2:22; 3:5; 5:18; 6:18; Col 1:8 (ἀγάπη ἐν πνεύματι love called forth by the Spirit); B 9:7. κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4f; Gal 4:29. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2 (s. ἁγιασμός).—In neg. expressions: οὔπω ἧν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39b. ψυχικοὶ πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες worldly people, who do not have the Spirit Jd 19.—ἓν πνεῦμα one and the same Spirit 1 Cor 12:13; Eph 2:18; 4:4; one (in) Spirit 1 Cor 6:17.
    ⓔ The Spirit is more closely defined by a gen. of thing: τὸ πν. τῆς ἀληθείας (TestJud 20:5) J 14:17; 15:26; 16:13 (in these three places the Spirit of Truth is the Paraclete promised by Jesus upon his departure); 1J 4:6 (opp. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης, as TestJud 20:1; PsSol 8:14 πλ. πλανήσεως; Just., D. 7, 3 πλάνου καὶ ἀκαθάρτου πνεύματος; cp. 1QS 4:23); τὸ τῆς δόξης πν. 1 Pt 4:14. τὸ πν. τῆς ζωῆς the Spirit of life Ro 8:2. το πν. τῆς πίστεως 2 Cor 4:13. πν. σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως Eph 1:17 (cp. Just., D. 87, 4). πν. υἱοθεσίας Ro 8:15b (opp. πν. δουλείας vs. 15a). πν. δυνάμεως AcPl Ha 8, 25. πν. δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 2 Ti 1:7 (opp. πν. δειλίας). τὸ πν. τῆς χάριτος (s. TestJud 24:2) Hb 10:29 (Zech 12:10); cp. 1 Cl 46:6.
    ⓕ Of Christ ‘it is written’ in Scripture: (ἐγένετο) ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν 1 Cor 15:45. The scripture pass. upon which the first part of this verse is based is Gen 2:7, where Wsd 15:11 also substitutes the words πνεῦμα ζωτικόν for πνοὴν ζωῆς (cp. Just., D. 6, 2). On the other hand, s. Philo, Leg. All. 1, 42 and s. the lit. s.v. Ἀδάμ ad loc.
    ⓖ The (divine) Pneuma stands in contrast to everything that characterizes this age or the finite world gener.: οὐ τὸ πν. τοῦ κόσμου ἀλλὰ τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12; cp. Eph 2:2 and 1 Ti 4:1ab.
    α. in contrast to σάρξ, which is more closely connected w. sin than any other earthly material (Just., D. 135, 6): J 3:6; Ro 8:4–6, 9a, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:17ab; 6:8. Cp. B 10:9. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος στρατεύεται Pol 5:3.
    β. in contrast to σῶμα (=σάρξ) Ro 8:10 and to σάρξ (=σῶμα, as many hold) J 6:63a (for τὸ πν. ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν cp. Philo, Op. Mund. 30; Herm. Wr. in Cyrill., C. Jul. I 556c=542, 24 Sc. the pneuma τὰ πάντα ζῳοποιεῖ καὶ τρέφει. S. also f above). Cp. Ro 8:11b.
    γ. in contrast to γράμμα, which is the characteristic quality of God’s older declaration of the divine will in the law: Ro 2:29; 7:6; 2 Cor 3:6ab, 8 (cp. vs. 7).
    δ. in contrast to the wisdom of humans 1 Cor 2:13.
    ⑥ the Spirit of God as exhibited in the character or activity of God’s people or selected agents, Spirit, spirit (s. HPreisker, Geist u. Leben ’33).
    ⓐ πνεῦμα is accompanied by another noun, which characterizes the working of the Spirit more definitely: πνεῦμα καὶ δύναμις spirit and power Lk 1:17; 1 Cor 2:4. Cp. Ac 10:38; 1 Th 1:5. πνεῦμα καὶ ζωή J 6:63b. πνεῦμα κ. σοφία Ac 6:3; cp. vs. 10 (cp. TestReub 2:6 πνεῦμα λαλίας). πίστις κ. πνεῦμα ἅγιον 6:5 (cp. Just., D. 135, 6). χαρὰ καὶ πνεῦμα ἅγ. 13:52.
    ⓑ Unless frustrated by humans in their natural condition, the Spirit of God produces a spiritual type of conduct Gal 5:16, 25 and produces the καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος vs. 22 (s. Vögtle under πλεονεξία).
    ⓒ The Spirit inspires certain people of God B 12:2; B 13:5, above all, in their capacity as proclaimers of a divine revelation (Strabo 9, 3, 5 the πνεῦμα ἐνθουσιαστικόν, that inspired the Pythia; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; 33, 5 of the divine πν. that impels prophets and poets to express themselves; schol. on Pla. 856e of a μάντις: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 4 [=Fgm. 2, 4 p. 136 Holladay] τὸ θεῖον πν., καθʼ ὸ̔ καὶ προφήτης ἀνακεκήρυκται ‘[Moses possessed] the Divine Spirit with the result that he was proclaimed a prophet’; AscIs 1:7 τὸ πν. τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί; AssMos Fgm. f εἶδεν πνεύματι ἐπαρθείς; Just., A I, 38, 1 al.; Ath. 10, 3 τὸ προφητικὸν πν. Cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 23 of Proclus: οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ θείας ἐπινοίας … διαλέγεσθαι; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 23). προφητεία came into being only as ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 2 Pt 1:21; cp. Ac 15:29 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 8:1. David Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; cp. Ac 1:16; 4:25. Isaiah Ac 28:25. Moses B 10:2, B 9; the Spirit was also active in giving the tables of the law to Moses 14:2. Christ himself spoke in the OT διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου 1 Cl 22:1. The ἱεραὶ γραφαί are called αἱ διὰ τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἁγίου 45:2.—The Christian prophet Agabus also ἐσήμαινεν διὰ τοῦ πν. Ac 11:28; cp. Ac 21:11. Likew. Ign. IPhld 7:2. In general the Spirit reveals the most profound secrets to those who believe 1 Cor 2:10ab.—1 Cl claims to be written διὰ τοῦ ἁγ. πν. 63:2. On Ac 19:21 s. 3b.
    ⓓ The Spirit of God, being one, shows the variety and richness of its life in the different kinds of spiritual gifts which are granted to certain Christians 1 Cor 12:4, 7, 11; cp. vs. 13ab.—Vss. 8–10 enumerate the individual gifts of the Spirit, using various prepositions: διὰ τοὺ πν. vs. 8a; κατὰ τὸ πν. vs. 8b; ἐν τῷ πν. vs. 9ab. τὸ πν. μὴ σβέννυτε do not quench the Spirit 1 Th 5:19 refers to the gift of prophecy, acc. to vs. 20.—The use of the pl. πνεύματα is explained in 1 Cor 14:12 by the varied nature of the Spirit’s working; in vs. 32 by the number of persons who possess the prophetic spirit; on the latter s. Rv 22:6 and 19:10.
    ⓔ One special type of spiritual gift is represented by ecstatic speaking. Of those who ‘speak in tongues’ that no earthly person can understand: πνεύματι λαλεῖ μυστήρια expresses secret things in a spiritual way 1 Cor 14:2. Cp. vss. 14–16 and s. νοῦς 1b. τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις the Spirit pleads in our behalf with groans beyond words Ro 8:26b. Of speech that is ecstatic, but expressed in words that can be understood λαλεῖν ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7, 8; cp. vs. 9 (on the subject-matter 1 Cor 12:3; Jos., Ant. 4, 118f; TestJob 43:2 ἀναλαβὼν Ἐλιφᾶς πν. εἶπεν ὕμνον). Of the state of mind of the seer of the Apocalypse: ἐν πνεύματι Rv 17:3; 21:10; γενέσθαι ἐν πν. 1:10; 4:2 (s. γίνομαι 5c, ἐν 4c and EMoering, StKr 92, 1920, 148–54; RJeske, NTS 31, ’85, 452–66); AcPl Ha 6, 27. On the Spirit at Pentecost Ac 2:4 s. KLake: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 111–21. κατασταλέντος τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἐν Μύρτῃ when the Spirit (of prophecy) that was in Myrta ceased speaking AcPl Ha 7, 9.
    ⓕ The Spirit leads and directs Christian missionaries in their journeys (Aelian, NA 11, 16 the young women are led blindfolded to the cave of the holy serpent; they are guided by a πνεῦμα θεῖον) Ac 16:6, 7 (by dreams, among other methods; cp. vs. 9f and s. Marinus, Vi. Procli 27: Proclus ἔφασκεν προθυμηθῆναι μὲν πολλάκις γράψαι, κωλυθῆναι δὲ ἐναργῶς ἔκ τινων ἐνυπνίων). In Ac 16:6–7 τὸ ἅγιον πν. and τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ are distinguished.
    ⑦ an activating spirit that is not fr. God, spirit: πν. ἔτερον a different (kind of) spirit 2 Cor 11:4. Cp. 2 Th 2:2; 1J 4:1–3. Because there are persons activated by such spirits, it is necessary to test the var. kinds of spirits (the same problem Artem. 3, 20 περὶ διαφορᾶς μάντεων, οἷς δεῖ προσέχειν καὶ οἷς μή) 1 Cor 12:10; 1J 4:1b. ὁ διάβολος πληροῖ αὐτὸν αὐτοῦ πν. Hm 11:3. Also οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε Lk 9:55 v.l. distinguishes betw. the spirit shown by Jesus’ disciples, and another kind of spirit.—Even more rarely a spirit divinely given that is not God’s own; so (in a quot. fr. Is 29:10) a πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ro 11:8.
    ⑧ an independent transcendent personality, the Spirit, which appears in formulas that became more and more fixed and distinct (cp. Ath. 12, 2; Hippol., Ref. 7, 26, 2.—Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 12 θεόν, υἱόν πατρός, πνεῦμα ἐκ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον ἓν ἐκ τριῶν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς τρία, ταῦτα νόμιζε Ζῆνα, τόνδʼ ἡγοῦ θεόν=‘God, son of the father, spirit proceeding from the father, one from three and three from one, consider these as Zeus, think of this one as God’. The entire context bears a Christian impress.—As Aion in gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 2, 5 [Harv. I 21, 2]): βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the text s. βαπτίζω 2c; on the subject-matter GWalther, Die Entstehung des Taufsymbols aus dem Taufritus: StKr 95, 1924, 256ff); D 7:1, 3. Cp. 2 Cor 13:13; 1 Cl 58:2; IEph 9:1; IMg 13:1b, 2; MPol 14:3; 22:1, 3; Epil Mosq 5. On this s. HUsener, Dreiheit: RhM 58, 1903, 1ff; 161ff; 321ff; esp. 36ff; EvDobschütz, Zwei-u. dreigliedrige Formeln: JBL 50, ’31, 116–47 (also Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 92–100); Norden, Agn. Th. 228ff; JMainz, Die Bed. der Dreizahl im Judentum 1922; Clemen2 125–28; NSöderblom, Vater, Sohn u. Geist 1909; DNielsen, Der dreieinige Gott I 1922; GKrüger, Das Dogma v. der Dreieinigkeit 1905, 46ff; AHarnack, Entstehung u. Entwicklung der Kirchenverfassung 1910, 187ff; JHaussleiter, Trinitarischer Glaube u. Christusbekenntnis in der alten Kirche: BFCT XXV 4, 1920; JLebreton, Histoire du dogme de la Trinité I: Les origines6 1927; RBlümel, Pls u. d. dreieinige Gott 1929.—On the whole word FRüsche, D. Seelenpneuma ’33; HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 486–95; PVolz, Der Geist Gottes u. d. verwandten Erscheinungen im AT 1910; JHehn, Zum Problem des Geistes im alten Orient u. im AT: ZAW n.s. 2, 1925, 210–25; SLinder, Studier till Gamla Testamentets föreställningar om anden 1926; AMarmorstein, Der Hl. Geist in der rabb. Legende: ARW 28, 1930, 286–303; NSnaith, The Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 229–37; FDillistone, Bibl. Doctrine of the Holy Spirit: Theology Today 3, ’46/47, 486–97; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 341–46; ESchweizer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 482–508; DLys, Rûach, Le Souffle dans l’AT, ’62; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebr. Mngs. ’67, 202–93.—HGunkel, Die Wirkungen des Hl. Geistes2 1899; HWeinel, Die Wirkungen des Geistes u. der Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; EWinstanley, The Spirit in the NT 1908; HSwete, The Holy Spirit in the NT 1909, The Holy Spirit in the Ancient Church 1912; EScott, The Spirit in the NT 1923; FBüchsel, Der Geist Gottes im NT 1926; EvDobschütz, Der Geistbesitz des Christen im Urchristentum: Monatsschr. für Pastoral-theol. 20, 1924, 228ff; FBadcock, ‘The Spirit’ and Spirit in the NT: ET 45, ’34, 218–21; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 151–62 (Eng. tr. KGrobel, ’51, I 153–64); ESchweizer, Geist u. Gemeinde im NT ’52, Int 6, ’52, 259–78.—WTosetti, Der Hl. Geist als göttliche Pers. in den Evangelien 1918; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion. Der Ursprung des Geistbegriffs der Syn. Ev. aus der griech. Mystik 1922; AFrövig, Das Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. der Geist 1924; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist nach Syn. Überl.: Studies in Early Christianity, presented to FCPorter and BWBacon 1928, 209–36; FSynge, The Holy Spirit in the Gospels and Acts: CQR 120, ’35, 205–17; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit and the Gospel Trad. ’47.—ESokolowski, Die Begriffe Geist u. Leben bei Pls 1903; KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke bei Pls 1912; GVos, The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit: Bibl. and Theol. Studies by the Faculty of Princeton Theol. Sem. 1912, 209–59; HBertrams, Das Wesen des Geistes nach d. Anschauung des Ap. Pls 1913; WReinhard, Das Wirken des Hl. Geistes im Menschen nach den Briefen des Ap. Pls 1918; HHoyle, The Holy Spirit in St. Paul 1928; PGächter, Z. Pneumabegriff des hl. Pls: ZKT 53, 1929, 345–408; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 159–74 al. [Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, tr. WMontgomery ’31, 160–76 al.]; E-BAllo, RB 43, ’34, 321–46 [1 Cor]; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 8:11; Synge [s. above], CQR 119, ’35, 79–93 [Pauline epp.]; NWaaning, Onderzoek naar het gebruik van πνεῦμα bij Pls, diss. Amsterd. ’39; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 167–200.—HvBaer, Der Hl. Geist in den Lukasschriften 1926; MGoguel, La Notion joh. de l’Esprit 1902; JSimpson, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: Exp., 9th ser., 4, 1925, 292–99; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist im J.: Amicitiae Corolla (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 303–18; WLofthouse, The Holy Spirit in Ac and J: ET 52, ’40/41, 334–36; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: JTS 1 n.s., ’50, 1–15; FCrump, Pneuma in the Gospels, diss. Catholic Univ. of America, ’54; GLampe, Studies in the Gospels (RHLightfoot memorial vol.) ’55, 159–200; NHamilton, The Holy Spirit and Eschatology in Paul, ’57; WDavies, Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Flesh and Spirit: The Scrolls and the NT, ed. KStendahl, ’57, 157–82.—GJohnston, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ in the Qumran Lit.: NT Sidelights (ACPurdy Festschr.) ’60, 27–42; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT, RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II, ’66, 150–64; DHill, Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings, ’67, 202–93; WBieder, Pneumatolog. Aspekte im Hb, OCullmann Festschr. ’72, 251–59; KEasley, The Pauline Usage of πνεύματι as a Reference to the Spirit of God: JETS 27, ’84, 299–313 (statistics).—B. 260; 1087. Pauly-W. XIV 387–412. BHHW I 534–37. Schmidt, Syn. II 218–50. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG s.v. πνέω. M-M. Dict. de la Bible XI 126–398. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πνεῦμα

  • 8 animar

    v.
    1 to cheer up (gladden) (person).
    tu regalo le animó mucho your present really cheered her up
    los fans animaban a su equipo the fans were cheering their team on
    2 to encourage (to stimulate).
    animar a alguien a hacer algo to encourage somebody to do something
    Silvia animó a Ricardo a estudiar Silvia encouraged Richard to study.
    3 to motivate, to drive (to encourage).
    no le anima ningún afán de riqueza she's not driven by any desire to be rich
    4 to brighten up, to brighten, to animate, to buoy up.
    Ricardo animó la fiesta Richard animated the party.
    5 to give life to.
    Los primeros auxilios animaron al bebé The first aid gave life to the baby
    6 to compere, to act as a compere for.
    Ricardo animó el espectáculo Richard compered the show.
    * * *
    1 (alegrar a alguien) to cheer up
    2 (alegrar algo) to brighten up, liven up
    3 (alentar) to encourage
    1 (persona) to cheer up
    2 (fiesta etc) to brighten up, liven up
    3 (decidirse) to make up one's mind
    * * *
    verb
    1) to cheer up, brighten up
    2) enliven, liven up
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=alegrar) [+ persona triste] to cheer up; [+ habitación] to brighten up
    2) (=entretener) [+ persona aburrida] to liven up; [+ charla, fiesta, reunión] to liven up, enliven
    3) (=alentar) [+ persona] to encourage; [+ proyecto] to inspire; [+ fuego] to liven up

    animar a algn a hacer o a que haga algo — to encourage sb to do sth

    esas noticias nos animaron a pensar que... — that news encouraged us to think that...

    me animan a que siga — they're encouraging o urging me to carry on

    4) (Econ) [+ mercado, economía] to stimulate, inject life into
    5) (Bio) to animate, give life to
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( alentar) to encourage; ( levantar el espíritu) to cheer... up

    animar a alguien a + inf or a que + subj — to encourage somebody to + inf

    b) <fiesta/reunión> to liven up
    c) (con luces, colores) to brighten up
    2) < programa> to present, host; <club/centro> to organize entertainment in
    3) ( impulsar) to inspire
    2.
    animarse v pron
    a) (alegrarse, cobrar vida) fiesta/reunión to liven up, warm up; persona to liven up
    b) ( cobrar ánimos) to cheer up

    si me animo a salir te llamo — if I feel like going out, I'll call you

    c) ( atreverse)

    animarse a + inf: ¿quién se anima a decírselo? who's going to be brave enough to tell him?; no me animo a saltar I can't bring myself to jump; al final me animé a confesárselo — I finally plucked up the courage to tell her

    * * *
    = cheer, spur, spur on, enliven, set + Nombre + off, embolden, set + alight, animate, buoy, enthuse, prod, sparkle, cheer up, take + heart, egg on, perk up, encourage, brighten up, stimulate, pep up, hearten.
    Ex. I shall neither cheer nor mourn its passing from the current agenda because to do so would be to demonstrate a partisanship that was not presidential.
    Ex. Spurred by press comments on dumping of withdrawn library books in rubbish skips, Birkerd Library requested the Ministry of Culture's permission to sell withdrawn materials.
    Ex. The paper-makers, spurred on by the urgent need to increase their supply of raw material, eventually mastered the new technique.
    Ex. Children in this state are in a crisis of confidence from which they must be relieved before their set about books can be refreshed and enlivened.
    Ex. This local tale could have been used to set me and my classmates off on a search for other similar stories that litter the area up and down the east coast of Britain.
    Ex. The spark of warmth had emboldened her.
    Ex. However, the spark that really set librarians alight came from outside Australia.
    Ex. HotJava animates documents through the use of 'applets': small application programs that can be written to support many different tasks.
    Ex. 'Well,' recommenced the young librarian, buoyed up by the director's interest, 'I believe that everybody is a good employee until they prove differently to me'.
    Ex. Teachers must enthuse students to library work and its value.
    Ex. Science Citation Index (SCI) depends for intellectual content entirely on citations by authors, who are sometimes prodded by editors and referees.
    Ex. His talks sparkle with Southern humor and a distinct voice known to mention rednecks, the evil of institutions, and racial reconciliation.
    Ex. This novel was written to cheer herself up when she and her baby were trapped inside their freezing cold flat in a blizzard, unable to get to the library.
    Ex. But I take heart from something that Bill Frye said when he agreed to outline a national program for preserving millions of books in danger of deterioration = Aunque me fortalezco con algo que Bill Frye dijo cuando aceptó esbozar un programa nacional para la conservación de millones de libros en peligro de deterioro.
    Ex. In the novel, residents of the drought-plagued hamlet of Champaner, egged on by a salt-of-the-earth hothead leader, recklessly accept a sporting challenge thrown down by the commander of the local British troops.
    Ex. The author presents ideas designed to perk up classroom spirits.
    Ex. A common catalogue encourages users to regard the different information carrying media as part of range of media.
    Ex. The flowers will really help brighten up the cemetery when they flower in spring.
    Ex. An alertness to work in related fields may stimulate creativity in disseminating ideas from one field of study to another, for both the researcher and the manager.
    Ex. Soccer ace David Beckham has started wearing mystical hippy beads to pep up his sex life.
    Ex. We are heartened by the fact that we are still so far a growth story in the midst of this global challenge.
    ----
    * animarse = brighten.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( alentar) to encourage; ( levantar el espíritu) to cheer... up

    animar a alguien a + inf or a que + subj — to encourage somebody to + inf

    b) <fiesta/reunión> to liven up
    c) (con luces, colores) to brighten up
    2) < programa> to present, host; <club/centro> to organize entertainment in
    3) ( impulsar) to inspire
    2.
    animarse v pron
    a) (alegrarse, cobrar vida) fiesta/reunión to liven up, warm up; persona to liven up
    b) ( cobrar ánimos) to cheer up

    si me animo a salir te llamo — if I feel like going out, I'll call you

    c) ( atreverse)

    animarse a + inf: ¿quién se anima a decírselo? who's going to be brave enough to tell him?; no me animo a saltar I can't bring myself to jump; al final me animé a confesárselo — I finally plucked up the courage to tell her

    * * *
    = cheer, spur, spur on, enliven, set + Nombre + off, embolden, set + alight, animate, buoy, enthuse, prod, sparkle, cheer up, take + heart, egg on, perk up, encourage, brighten up, stimulate, pep up, hearten.

    Ex: I shall neither cheer nor mourn its passing from the current agenda because to do so would be to demonstrate a partisanship that was not presidential.

    Ex: Spurred by press comments on dumping of withdrawn library books in rubbish skips, Birkerd Library requested the Ministry of Culture's permission to sell withdrawn materials.
    Ex: The paper-makers, spurred on by the urgent need to increase their supply of raw material, eventually mastered the new technique.
    Ex: Children in this state are in a crisis of confidence from which they must be relieved before their set about books can be refreshed and enlivened.
    Ex: This local tale could have been used to set me and my classmates off on a search for other similar stories that litter the area up and down the east coast of Britain.
    Ex: The spark of warmth had emboldened her.
    Ex: However, the spark that really set librarians alight came from outside Australia.
    Ex: HotJava animates documents through the use of 'applets': small application programs that can be written to support many different tasks.
    Ex: 'Well,' recommenced the young librarian, buoyed up by the director's interest, 'I believe that everybody is a good employee until they prove differently to me'.
    Ex: Teachers must enthuse students to library work and its value.
    Ex: Science Citation Index (SCI) depends for intellectual content entirely on citations by authors, who are sometimes prodded by editors and referees.
    Ex: His talks sparkle with Southern humor and a distinct voice known to mention rednecks, the evil of institutions, and racial reconciliation.
    Ex: This novel was written to cheer herself up when she and her baby were trapped inside their freezing cold flat in a blizzard, unable to get to the library.
    Ex: But I take heart from something that Bill Frye said when he agreed to outline a national program for preserving millions of books in danger of deterioration = Aunque me fortalezco con algo que Bill Frye dijo cuando aceptó esbozar un programa nacional para la conservación de millones de libros en peligro de deterioro.
    Ex: In the novel, residents of the drought-plagued hamlet of Champaner, egged on by a salt-of-the-earth hothead leader, recklessly accept a sporting challenge thrown down by the commander of the local British troops.
    Ex: The author presents ideas designed to perk up classroom spirits.
    Ex: A common catalogue encourages users to regard the different information carrying media as part of range of media.
    Ex: The flowers will really help brighten up the cemetery when they flower in spring.
    Ex: An alertness to work in related fields may stimulate creativity in disseminating ideas from one field of study to another, for both the researcher and the manager.
    Ex: Soccer ace David Beckham has started wearing mystical hippy beads to pep up his sex life.
    Ex: We are heartened by the fact that we are still so far a growth story in the midst of this global challenge.
    * animarse = brighten.

    * * *
    animar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 (alentar) to encourage; (levantar el espíritu) to cheer … up
    tu visita lo animó mucho your visit cheered him up a lot o really lifted his spirits
    animar a algn A + INF to encourage sb to + INF
    me animó a presentarme al concurso he encouraged me to enter the competition
    animar a algn A QUE + SUBJ to encourage sb to + INF
    traté de animarlo a que continuara I tried to encourage him to carry on
    2 (dar vida a, alegrar) ‹fiesta/reunión› to liven up
    los niños animan mucho la casa the children really liven the house up; (con luces, colores) to brighten up
    el vino empezaba a animarlos the wine was beginning to liven them up o to make them more lively
    las luces y los adornos animan las calles en Navidad lights and decorations brighten up the streets at Christmas
    B
    1 ‹programa› to present, host
    2 ‹club/centro› to organize entertainment in
    C (impulsar) to inspire
    los principios que animaron su ideología the principles which inspired their ideology
    no nos anima ningún afán de lucro we are not driven o motivated by any desire for profit
    1 (alegrarse, cobrar vida) «fiesta/reunión» to liven up, warm up, get going; «persona» to liven up, come to life
    2 (cobrar ánimos) to cheer up
    se animó mucho al vernos she cheered up o brightened up o ( colloq) perked up a lot when she saw us
    animarse A + INF:
    si me animo a salir te llamo if I decide to go out o if I feel like going out, I'll call you
    ¿no se anima nadie a ir? doesn't anyone feel like going?, doesn't anyone want to go?
    3 (atreverse) animarse A + INF:
    ¿quién se anima a planteárselo al jefe? who's going to be brave enough o who's going to be the one to tackle the boss about it? ( colloq)
    yo no me animo a tirarme del trampolín I can't bring myself to o I don't dare dive off the springboard
    a ver si te animas a hacerlo why don't you have a go?
    al final me animé a confesárselo I finally plucked up the courage to tell her
    * * *

     

    animar ( conjugate animar) verbo transitivo
    1

    ( levantar el espíritu) to cheer … up;

    animar a algn a hacer algo or a que haga algo to encourage sb to do sth
    b) ‹fiesta/reunión› to liven up;


    c) (con luces, colores) to brighten up

    2 ‹ programa› to present, host
    3 ( impulsar) to inspire
    animarse verbo pronominal
    a) (alegrarse, cobrar vida) [fiesta/reunión] to liven up, warm up;

    [ persona] to liven up

    ◊ si me animo a salir te llamo if I feel like going out, I'll call you

    c) ( atreverse):

    ◊ ¿quién se anima a decírselo? who's going to be brave enough to tell him?;

    no me animo a saltar I can't bring myself to jump;
    al final me animé a confesárselo I finally plucked up the courage to tell her
    animar verbo transitivo
    1 (alegrar a alguien) to cheer up
    (una fiesta, una reunión) to liven up, brighten up
    2 (estimular a una persona) to encourage
    ' animar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    activar
    - alegrar
    - entusiasmar
    - jalear
    - motivar
    - reanimar
    - venga
    - ánimo
    - empujón
    - entonar
    - hala
    - ir
    - órale
    English:
    animate
    - buck up
    - buoy up
    - cheer
    - cheer up
    - encourage
    - enliven
    - hearten
    - inspire
    - jazz up
    - liven
    - urge on
    - warm up
    - brighten
    - buoy
    - jolly
    - liven up
    - pep
    - root
    - urge
    - warm
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [estimular] to encourage;
    los fans animaban a su equipo the fans were cheering their team on;
    animar a alguien a hacer algo to encourage sb to do sth;
    me animaron a aceptar la oferta they encouraged me to accept the offer;
    lo animó a que dejara la bebida she encouraged him to stop drinking
    2. [alegrar] to cheer up;
    tu regalo la animó mucho your present really cheered her up;
    los colores de los participantes animaban el desfile the colourful costumes of the participants brightened up the procession, the costumes of the participants added colour to the procession
    3. [fuego, diálogo, fiesta] to liven up;
    [comercio] to stimulate;
    el tanto del empate animó el partido the equalizer brought the game to life, the game came alive after the equalizer;
    las medidas del gobierno pretenden animar la inversión the government's measures are aimed at stimulating o promoting investment
    4. [mover]
    los artistas animaban los títeres the puppeteers operated the puppets;
    5. [impulsar] to motivate, to drive;
    no le anima ningún afán de riqueza she's not driven by any desire to be rich;
    no me anima ningún sentimiento de venganza I'm not doing this out of a desire for revenge
    * * *
    v/t
    1 cheer up
    2 ( alentar) encourage
    * * *
    animar vt
    1) alentar: to encourage, to inspire
    2) : to animate, to enliven
    3) : to brighten up, to cheer up
    * * *
    animar vb
    1. (persona) to cheer up
    2. (lugar, situación) to liven up
    3. (motivar) to encourage

    Spanish-English dictionary > animar

  • 9 inanmak

    "/a/ 1. to believe (something); to believe what (someone) says, believe (someone). 2. to trust, have faith in, believe in (someone, God). 3. to believe in the existence of, believe in (God, spirits). 4. to believe in (the benefit, the efficacy, or the rightness of something): Demokrasiye inanıyor. She believes in democracy."

    Saja Türkçe - İngilizce Sözlük > inanmak

  • 10 pedante

    adj.
    1 pretentious.
    2 pedantic, vain, bookish, pedant.
    f. & m.
    1 pretentious person.
    2 pedant, dry-as-dust, dryasdust, popinjay.
    * * *
    1 pedantic, pompous
    1 pedant
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ [gen] pedantic; (=pomposo) pompous, conceited
    2.
    SMF pedant
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo pedantic
    II
    masculino y femenino pedant
    * * *
    = pompous, pedant, pedantic, pretentious, hyfoluted, snobbish, snobby [snobbier -comp., snobbiest -sup.], snob, hoity-toity, portentous.
    Ex. She wanted to say: 'You are a conceited, obstinate, inflexible, manipulative, pompous, close-minded, insensitive, abrasive, opinionated, platitudinous oaf!'.
    Ex. Librarians are expected, by their popular media image, to be fussy, nit-picking, pedants.
    Ex. He didn't react quite as strongly as Voltaire, but he thought it poor stuff: artificial, pedantic, dull.
    Ex. Book clubs do not have to be cliquish, pretentious, stuffily self-inflated, or bolt-holes for ethereal literary spirits.
    Ex. I can believe that changing the logo broke some hyfoluted view ofthe library.
    Ex. It was possible to identify 3 main groups who display 3 different types of attitude -- participative, delegative and ' snobbish'.
    Ex. Every one looked like death warmed up, including the snobby staff who I found far from welcoming.
    Ex. The biggest faux pas according to snobs who take such things seriously is calling a sofa a couch or a setee.
    Ex. It's the kind of barn where you can learn to ride without feeling mocked or like some hoity-toities are looking down their nose at you.
    Ex. He is described in the play as a "rather portentous man in his middle fifties but rather provincial in his speech'.
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo pedantic
    II
    masculino y femenino pedant
    * * *
    = pompous, pedant, pedantic, pretentious, hyfoluted, snobbish, snobby [snobbier -comp., snobbiest -sup.], snob, hoity-toity, portentous.

    Ex: She wanted to say: 'You are a conceited, obstinate, inflexible, manipulative, pompous, close-minded, insensitive, abrasive, opinionated, platitudinous oaf!'.

    Ex: Librarians are expected, by their popular media image, to be fussy, nit-picking, pedants.
    Ex: He didn't react quite as strongly as Voltaire, but he thought it poor stuff: artificial, pedantic, dull.
    Ex: Book clubs do not have to be cliquish, pretentious, stuffily self-inflated, or bolt-holes for ethereal literary spirits.
    Ex: I can believe that changing the logo broke some hyfoluted view ofthe library.
    Ex: It was possible to identify 3 main groups who display 3 different types of attitude -- participative, delegative and ' snobbish'.
    Ex: Every one looked like death warmed up, including the snobby staff who I found far from welcoming.
    Ex: The biggest faux pas according to snobs who take such things seriously is calling a sofa a couch or a setee.
    Ex: It's the kind of barn where you can learn to ride without feeling mocked or like some hoity-toities are looking down their nose at you.
    Ex: He is described in the play as a "rather portentous man in his middle fifties but rather provincial in his speech'.

    * * *
    (detallista) pedantic; (presuntuoso) pompous
    pedant
    * * *

    pedante adjetivo
    pedantic
    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino
    pedant
    pedante
    I adjetivo pedantic
    II mf pedant
    ' pedante' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    repipi
    English:
    fastidious
    - pedantic
    - should
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    pretentious
    ♦ nmf
    pretentious person
    * * *
    I adj
    1 ( perfeccionista) pedantic
    2 ( presuntuoso) pretentious
    II m/f
    1 ( perfeccionista) pedant
    2 ( presuntuoso) pretentious individual
    * * *
    pedante adj
    : pedantic
    pedante nmf
    : pedant

    Spanish-English dictionary > pedante

  • 11 presuntuoso

    adj.
    1 conceited, arrogant, assuming, vain.
    2 pompous, highfaluting, lavish, highfalutin.
    m.
    self-conceited person, snob.
    * * *
    1 (presumido) conceited, vain; (arrogante) presumptuous
    * * *
    ADJ (=vanidoso) conceited, presumptuous; (=pretencioso) pretentious
    * * *
    - sa adjetivo conceited, vain
    * * *
    = conceited, pompous, presumptuous, immodest, pretentious, stuck-up, hyfoluted, high-blown, snobbish, snobby [snobbier -comp., snobbiest -sup.], snob, hoity-toity, vain [vainer -comp., vainest -sup.], poseur, cocksure, big-headed, portentous.
    Ex. She wanted to say: 'You are a conceited, obstinate, inflexible, manipulative, pompous, close-minded, insensitive, abrasive, opinionated, platitudinous oaf!'.
    Ex. She wanted to say: 'You are a conceited, obstinate, inflexible, manipulative, pompous, close-minded, insensitive, abrasive, opinionated, platitudinous oaf!'.
    Ex. Many feel that it is presumptuous to think that a 150- to 250-word abstract can carry enough information from a well-written 3,000-word paper to be of much use except as a guide.
    Ex. The author reviews an article by Tom Eadie, ' Immodest proposals: user instruction for students does not work'.
    Ex. Book clubs do not have to be cliquish, pretentious, stuffily self-inflated, or bolt-holes for ethereal literary spirits.
    Ex. library users were stereotyped as old people, intellectuals, uninteresting people, shy or stuck-up people and people afraid of life.
    Ex. I can believe that changing the logo broke some hyfoluted view ofthe library.
    Ex. In our media saturated world of high-blown hype and suffocating spin they do their best to tell you the truth.
    Ex. It was possible to identify 3 main groups who display 3 different types of attitude -- participative, delegative and ' snobbish'.
    Ex. Every one looked like death warmed up, including the snobby staff who I found far from welcoming.
    Ex. The biggest faux pas according to snobs who take such things seriously is calling a sofa a couch or a setee.
    Ex. It's the kind of barn where you can learn to ride without feeling mocked or like some hoity-toities are looking down their nose at you.
    Ex. The common idea that success spoils people by making them vain, egotistic and self-complacent is erroneous.
    Ex. This is an interesting little town wholly populated by poseurs and backpackers with a few salty sea dogs thrown in for good measure.
    Ex. The fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are cocksure while the intelligent are full of doubt.
    Ex. I alwasy knew she was a pain in the arse, without knowing her you can just tell, by the way she behaves, that she is big-headed and thinks she's god's gift to the human race.
    Ex. He is described in the play as a "rather portentous man in his middle fifties but rather provincial in his speech'.
    * * *
    - sa adjetivo conceited, vain
    * * *
    = conceited, pompous, presumptuous, immodest, pretentious, stuck-up, hyfoluted, high-blown, snobbish, snobby [snobbier -comp., snobbiest -sup.], snob, hoity-toity, vain [vainer -comp., vainest -sup.], poseur, cocksure, big-headed, portentous.

    Ex: She wanted to say: 'You are a conceited, obstinate, inflexible, manipulative, pompous, close-minded, insensitive, abrasive, opinionated, platitudinous oaf!'.

    Ex: She wanted to say: 'You are a conceited, obstinate, inflexible, manipulative, pompous, close-minded, insensitive, abrasive, opinionated, platitudinous oaf!'.
    Ex: Many feel that it is presumptuous to think that a 150- to 250-word abstract can carry enough information from a well-written 3,000-word paper to be of much use except as a guide.
    Ex: The author reviews an article by Tom Eadie, ' Immodest proposals: user instruction for students does not work'.
    Ex: Book clubs do not have to be cliquish, pretentious, stuffily self-inflated, or bolt-holes for ethereal literary spirits.
    Ex: library users were stereotyped as old people, intellectuals, uninteresting people, shy or stuck-up people and people afraid of life.
    Ex: I can believe that changing the logo broke some hyfoluted view ofthe library.
    Ex: In our media saturated world of high-blown hype and suffocating spin they do their best to tell you the truth.
    Ex: It was possible to identify 3 main groups who display 3 different types of attitude -- participative, delegative and ' snobbish'.
    Ex: Every one looked like death warmed up, including the snobby staff who I found far from welcoming.
    Ex: The biggest faux pas according to snobs who take such things seriously is calling a sofa a couch or a setee.
    Ex: It's the kind of barn where you can learn to ride without feeling mocked or like some hoity-toities are looking down their nose at you.
    Ex: The common idea that success spoils people by making them vain, egotistic and self-complacent is erroneous.
    Ex: This is an interesting little town wholly populated by poseurs and backpackers with a few salty sea dogs thrown in for good measure.
    Ex: The fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are cocksure while the intelligent are full of doubt.
    Ex: I alwasy knew she was a pain in the arse, without knowing her you can just tell, by the way she behaves, that she is big-headed and thinks she's god's gift to the human race.
    Ex: He is described in the play as a "rather portentous man in his middle fifties but rather provincial in his speech'.

    * * *
    conceited, vain
    * * *

    presuntuoso
    ◊ -sa adjetivo

    conceited, vain
    presuntuoso,-a adjetivo & sustantivo masculino y femenino
    1 (presumido) vain, conceited
    2 (pretencioso) pretentious, showy

    ' presuntuoso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    chula
    - chulo
    - presuntuosa
    - suficiente
    - ufana
    - ufano
    English:
    bumptious
    - immodest
    - jumped up
    - pompous
    - pretentious
    - upstart
    - conceited
    * * *
    presuntuoso, -a
    ♦ adj
    [vanidoso] conceited; [pretencioso] pretentious
    ♦ nm,f
    conceited person
    * * *
    adj conceited
    * * *
    presuntuoso, -sa adj
    : conceited
    * * *
    presuntuoso adj boastful

    Spanish-English dictionary > presuntuoso

  • 12 pretencioso

    adj.
    1 pretentious, assuming, high-flying, la-di-da.
    2 pretentious, doggy.
    * * *
    1 pretentious
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 pretentious person
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=vanidoso) pretentious, presumptuous; (=fanfarrón) showy
    2) LAm (=presumido) vain, stuck-up *
    * * *
    - sa adjetivo
    a) < casa> pretentious, showy; <persona/película> pretentious
    b) (Chi) ( vainidoso) vain
    * * *
    = pretentious, hyfoluted, hoity-toity, hoity-toity, high-flown.
    Ex. Book clubs do not have to be cliquish, pretentious, stuffily self-inflated, or bolt-holes for ethereal literary spirits.
    Ex. I can believe that changing the logo broke some hyfoluted view ofthe library.
    Ex. Wine lovers get the urge to splurge and celebrate, often in hoity-toity restaurants.
    Ex. It's the kind of barn where you can learn to ride without feeling mocked or like some hoity-toities are looking down their nose at you.
    Ex. Disaffected and literally unliterary pubescent readers were expected to be hooked by his high-flown style.
    * * *
    - sa adjetivo
    a) < casa> pretentious, showy; <persona/película> pretentious
    b) (Chi) ( vainidoso) vain
    * * *
    = pretentious, hyfoluted, hoity-toity, hoity-toity, high-flown.

    Ex: Book clubs do not have to be cliquish, pretentious, stuffily self-inflated, or bolt-holes for ethereal literary spirits.

    Ex: I can believe that changing the logo broke some hyfoluted view ofthe library.
    Ex: Wine lovers get the urge to splurge and celebrate, often in hoity-toity restaurants.
    Ex: It's the kind of barn where you can learn to ride without feeling mocked or like some hoity-toities are looking down their nose at you.
    Ex: Disaffected and literally unliterary pubescent readers were expected to be hooked by his high-flown style.

    * * *
    A ‹casa› pretentious, showy; ‹persona/película› pretentious
    B ( AmL) (vanidoso) vain
    * * *

    pretencioso
    ◊ -sa adjetivo ‹casa/película› pretentious

    pretencioso,-a adjetivo pretentious

    ' pretencioso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    presuntuosa
    - presuntuoso
    - pretenciosa
    English:
    pretentious
    * * *
    pretencioso, -a
    ♦ adj
    pretentious
    ♦ nm,f
    pretentious person
    * * *
    adj pretentious
    * * *
    pretencioso, -sa adj
    : pretentious

    Spanish-English dictionary > pretencioso

  • 13 spirito

    m spirit
    ( disposizione) mind
    ( umorismo) wit
    * * *
    spirito s.m.
    1 ( ente spirituale) spirit: Dio è puro spirito, God is pure spirit; il regno degli spiriti, the realm of spirits; lo spirito del bosco, the woodland spirit // spirito folletto, sprite // lo Spirito Maligno, the Evil One // lo Spirito Santo, the Holy Ghost (o the Holy Spirit)
    2 ( afflato vitale) spirit; ( anima) soul: gli spiriti animali, the animal spirits; spirito vitale, spirit of life; esalare lo spirito, to breathe one's last (o to give up one's spirit); le esigenze del corpo e quelle dello spirito, bodily and spiritual needs
    3 (fil.) ( contrapposto a materia) spirit: i valori dello spirito, spiritual values; sono con lui in spirito, I am with him in spirit
    4 ( fantasma) spirit; ghost; phantom: in questa casa ci sono degli spiriti, this house is haunted; credere negli spiriti, to believe in ghosts
    5 ( mente, intelligenza) mind: presenza di spirito, presence of mind // spirito profetico, prophetic spirit
    6 ( persona di spiccate doti intellettuali) spirit; mind: uno spirito eletto, a master spirit; i grandi spiriti, the great minds; uno dei migliori spiriti del suo paese, one of the leading spirits of his country
    7 ( tendenza informatrice, atteggiamento spirituale) spirit; attitude: lo spirito dell'epoca, the spirit of the age; spirito di contraddizione, osservazione, sacrificio, spirit of contradiction, observation, sacrifice; spirito materno, maternal attitude; fu lo spirito della rivoluzione, he was the leading spirit of the revolution; vivere con spirito sereno, to live serenely; non sono in condizioni di spirito per scherzare, I'm not in the mood to joke // spirito di corpo, esprit de corps; spirito di parte, partisan spirit; spirito di squadra, team spirit // spirito pubblico, public feeling
    8 ( significato essenziale) spirit, (inner) meaning; sense: bisognerebbe sempre seguire lo spirito piuttosto che la lettera della legge, one should always go by the spirit of the law rather than by the letter
    9 ( arguzia) wit; ( umorismo) humour: motto di spirito, witticism; persona di spirito, witty person; non mi sembra ci sia molto spirito in quello che dice, I do not see much humour in what he says; quell'uomo è pieno di spirito, that man is full of wit // fare dello spirito, to be witty: spirito di rapa, di patata, (fam.) obvious (o forced) humour
    10 ( vivacità) life; liveliness: dovresti mettere un po' più di spirito in quello che fai, you ought to put a little more life into what you are doing
    11 (gramm. greca) breathing: spirito aspro, dolce, rough, smooth breathing
    12 (chim.) spirit; alcohol: spirito canforato, camphorated spirit; spirito di legno, wood spirit; lacca a spirito, spirit varnish; lampada a spirito, spirit lamp // frutta sotto spirito, fruit preserved in alcohol.
    * * *
    I ['spirito]
    sostantivo maschile
    1) (atteggiamento) spirit

    spirito di corpo — esprit de corps, solidarity

    spirito di contraddizione — contrariness, spirit of contradiction

    2) (stato d'animo) spirit, mood

    persona di spirito — wit, witty person

    battuta o motto di spirito witticism; fare dello spirito to be witty o funny, to crack jokes; ha preso la cosa con spirito — he took it with a bit of humour

    4) (persona) spirit
    6) relig. spirit
    II ['spirito]
    sostantivo maschile (alcol) alcohol, spirit
    * * *
    spirito1
    /'spirito/
    sostantivo m.
     1 (atteggiamento) spirit; spirito di adattamento adaptability; spirito di squadra team spirit; spirito di corpo esprit de corps, solidarity; spirito di contraddizione contrariness, spirit of contradiction; giovane di spirito young at heart o in spirit
     2 (stato d'animo) spirit, mood; sono nello spirito adatto per I'm in the right mood for
     3 (senso dell'umorismo) wit; persona di spirito wit, witty person; battuta o motto di spirito witticism; fare dello spirito to be witty o funny, to crack jokes; ha preso la cosa con spirito he took it with a bit of humour
     4 (persona) spirit; uno spirito libero a free spirit; un bello spirito a wit
     5 (caratteristica essenziale) spirit; nello spirito dell'epoca in the spirit of the times; secondo lo spirito della legge in accordance with the law; entrare nello spirito del gioco to enter into the spirit of the game
     6 relig. spirit; lo Spirito Santo the Holy Spirit
     7 (essere soprannaturale) spirit; spirito maligno evil spirit; nel castello ci sono gli -i the castle is haunted.
    ————————
    spirito2
    /'spirito/
    sostantivo m.
    (alcol) alcohol, spirit; lampada a spirito spirit lamp; ciliege sotto spirito cherries in alcohol.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > spirito

  • 14 ἐν

    ἐν prep. w. dat. (Hom.+). For lit. s. ἀνά and εἰς, beg. For special NT uses s. AOepke, TW II 534–39. The uses of this prep. are so many and various, and oft. so easily confused, that a strictly systematic treatment is impossible. It must suffice to list the main categories, which will help establish the usage in individual cases. The earliest auditors/readers, not being inconvenienced by grammatical and lexical debates, would readily absorb the context and experience little difficulty.
    ① marker of a position defined as being in a location, in, among (the basic idea, Rob. 586f)
    ⓐ of the space or place within which someth. is found, in: ἐν τῇ πόλει Lk 7:37. ἐν Βηθλέεμ Mt 2:1. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 3:1 (Just., D. 19, 5, cp. A I, 12, 6 ἐν ἐρημίᾳ) ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ Ac 5:42. ἐν οἴκῳ 1 Ti 3:15 and very oft. ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house Lk 2:49 and perh. Mt 20:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302, C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός; PTebt 12, 3; POxy 523, 3; Tob 6:11 S; Goodsp., Probs. 81–83). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Mt 20:3. ἐν (τῷ) οὐρανῷ in heaven (Arat., Phaen. 10; Diod S 4, 61, 6; Plut., Mor. 359d τὰς ψυχὰς ἐν οὐρανῷ λάμπειν ἄστρα; Tat. 12, 2 τὰ ἄστρα τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ) Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3); Rv 12:1; IEph 19:2.—W. quotations and accounts of the subject matter of literary works: in (Ps.-Demetr. c. 226 ὡς ἐν τῷ Εὐθυδήμῳ; Simplicius in Epict. p. 28, 37 ἐν τῷ Φαίδωνι; Ammon. Hermiae in Aristot. De Interpret. c. 9 p. 136, 20 Busse ἐν Τιμαίῳ παρειλήφαμεν=we have received as a tradition; 2 Macc 2:4; 1 Esdr 1:40; 5:48; Sir 50:27; Just., A I, 60, 1 ἐν τῷ παρὰ Πλάτωνι Τιμαίῳ) ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9. ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Lk 24:44; J 1:45. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις Ac 13:40. ἐν Ἠλίᾳ in the story of Elijah Ro 11:2 (Just., D. 120, 3 ἐν τῷ Ἰούδα). ἐν τῷ Ὡσηέ 9:25 (Just., D. 44, 2 ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιήλ). ἐν Δαυίδ in the Psalter ( by David is also prob.: s. 6) Hb 4:7. ἐν ἑτέρῳ προφήτῃ in another prophet B 6:14. Of inner life φανεροῦσθαι ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσι be made known to (your) consciences 2 Cor 5:11. ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Mt 5:28; 13:19; 2 Cor 11:12 et al.
    ⓑ on ἐν τῷ ὄρει (X., An. 4, 3, 31; Diod S 14, 16, 2 λόφος ἐν ᾧ=a hill on which; Jos., Ant. 12, 259; Just., D. 67, 9 ἐν ὄρει Χωρήβ) J 4:20f; Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ in the market Mt 20:3. ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mt 5:25. ἐν πλαξίν on tablets 2 Cor 3:3. ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν on the street corners Mt 6:5.
    ⓒ within the range of, at, near (Soph., Fgm. 37 [34 N.2] ἐν παντὶ λίθῳ=near every stone; Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 19 ἐν Τύρῳ=near Tyre; Polyaenus 8, 24, 7 ἐν τῇ νησῖδι=near the island; Diog. L. 1, 34; 85; 97 τὰ ἐν ποσίν=what is before one’s feet; Jos., Vi. 227 ἐν Χαβωλώ) ἐν τῷ γαζοφυλακείῳ (q.v.) J 8:20. ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ near the pool of Siloam Lk 13:4. καθίζειν ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ τινος sit at someone’s right hand (cp. 1 Esdr 4:29) Eph 1:20; Hb 1:3; 8:1.
    ⓓ among, in (Hom.+; PTebt 58, 41 [111 B.C.]; Sir 16:6; 31:9; 1 Macc 4:58; 5:2; TestAbr B 9 p. 13, 27 [Stone p. 74]; Just., A I, 5, 4 ἐν βαρβάροις) ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ in the generation now living Mk 8:38. ἐν τῷ γένει μου among my people Gal 1:14 (Just., D. 51, 1 al. ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν). ἐν ἡμῖν Hb 13:26. ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ in the crowd Mk 5:30 (cp. Sir 7:7). ἐν ἀλλήλοις mutually (Thu. 1, 24, 4; Just., D. 101, 3) Ro 1:12; 15:5. ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν (=among the commanding officers: Diod S 18, 61, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 21 §84) Ἰούδα Mt 2:6 et al. ἐν ἀνθρώποις among people (as Himerius, Or. 48 [14], 11; Just., A I, 23, 3, D. 64, 7) Lk 2:14; cp. Ac 4:12.
    ⓔ before, in the presence of, etc. (cp. Od. 2, 194; Eur., Andr. 359; Pla., Leg. 9, 879b; Demosth. 24, 207; Polyb. 5, 39, 6; Epict. 3, 22, 8; Appian, Maced. 18 §2 ἐν τοῖς φίλοις=in the presence of his friends; Sir 19:8; Jdth 6:2; PPetr. II, 4 [6], 16 [255/254 B.C.] δινὸν γάρ ἐστιν ἐν ὄχλῳ ἀτιμάζεσθαι=before a crowd) σοφίαν λαλοῦμεν ἐν τοῖς τελείοις in the presence of mature (i.e. spiritually sophisticated) adults 1 Cor 2:6 (cp. Simplicius in Epict. p. 131, 20 λέγειν τὰ θεωρήματα ἐν ἰδιώταις). ἐν τ. ὠσὶν ὑμῶν in your hearing Lk 4:21 (cp. Judg 17:2; 4 Km 23:2; Bar 1:3f), where the words can go linguistically just as well w. πεπλήρωται as w. ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη (this passage of scripture read in your hearing). ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τινος in someone’s eyes, i.e. judgment (Wsd 3:2; Sir 8:16; Jdth 3:4; 12:14; 1 Macc 1:12) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:23). ἔν τινι in the same mng. as early as Trag. (Soph., Oed. C. 1213 ἐν ἐμοί=in my judgment, Ant. 925 ἐν θεοῖς καλά; also Pla., Prot. 337b; 343c) ἐν ἐμοί 1 Cor 14:11; possibly J 3:21 (s. 4c below) and Jd 1 belong here.—In the ‘forensic’ sense ἔν τινι can mean in someone’s court or forum (Soph., Ant. 459; Pla., Gorg. 464d, Leg. 11, 916b; Ael. Aristid. 38, 3 K.=7 p. 71 D.; 46 p. 283, 334 D.; Diod S 19, 51, 4; Ps.-Heraclit., Ep. 4, 6; but in several of these pass. the mng. does not go significantly beyond ‘in the presence of’ [s. above]) ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Cor 6:2 ( by you is also tenable; s. 6 below).
    ⓕ esp. to describe certain processes, inward: ἐν ἑαυτῷ to himself, i.e. in silence, διαλογίζεσθαι Mk 2:8; Lk 12:17; διαπορεῖν Ac 10:17; εἰδέναι J 6:61; λέγειν Mt 3:9; 9:21; Lk 7:49; εἰπεῖν 7:39 al.; ἐμβριμᾶσθαι J 11:38.
    ② marker of a state or condition, in
    ⓐ of being clothed and metaphors assoc. with such condition in, with (Hdt. 2, 159; X., Mem. 3, 11, 4; Diod S 1, 12, 9; Herodian 2, 13, 3; Jdth 10:3; 1 Macc 6:35; 2 Macc 3:33) ἠμφιεσμένον ἐν μαλακοῖς dressed in soft clothes Mt 11:8. περιβάλλεσθαι ἐν ἱματίοις Rv 3:5; 4:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων come in sheep’s clothing Mt 7:15. περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖς walk about in long robes Mk 12:38 (Tat. 2, 1 ἐν πορφυρίδι περιπατῶν); cp. Ac 10:30; Mt 11:21; Lk 10:13. ἐν λευκοῖς in white (Artem. 2, 3; 4, 2 ἐν λευκοῖς προϊέναι; Epict. 3, 22, 1) J 20:12; Hv 4, 2, 1. Prob. corresp. ἐν σαρκί clothed in flesh (cp. Diod S 1, 12, 9 deities appear ἐν ζῴων μορφαῖς) 1 Ti 3:16; 1J 4:2; 2J 7. ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ in all his glory Mt 6:29 (cp. 1 Macc 10:86). ἐν τ. δόξῃ τοῦ πατρός clothed in his Father’s glory 16:27; cp. 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:31.
    ⓑ of other states and conditions (so freq. w. γίνομαι, εἰμί; Attic wr.; PPetr II, 11 [1], 8 [III B.C.] γράφε, ἵνα εἰδῶμεν ἐν οἷς εἶ; 39 [g], 16; UPZ 110, 176 [164 B.C.] et al.; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 2 πάλιν ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ γενέσθαι; 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι; Tat. 20, 1f οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ ἄπειρος ὁ οὐρανός, … πεπερασμένος δὲ καὶ ἐν τέρματι; Mel., HE 4, 26, 6 ἐν … λεηλασίᾳ ‘plundering’): ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις Lk 16:23. ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ 1J 3:14. ἐν ζωῇ Ro 5:10. ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς Phlm 13 (Just., A II, 2, 11 ἐν δ. γενέσθαι). ἐν πειρασμοῖς 1 Pt 1:6; ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκός Ro 8:3. ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι 1 Th 2:2. ἐν φθορᾷ in a state of corruptibility 1 Cor 15:42. ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχειν 2 Cor 10:6 (cp. PEleph 10, 7 [223/222 B.C.] τ. λοιπῶν ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ὄντων; PGen 76, 8; 3 Macc 5:8); ἐν ἐκστάσει in a state of trance Ac 11:5 (opp. Just., D, 115, 3 ἐν καταστάσει ὤν). Of qualities: ἐν πίστει κ. ἀγάπῃ κ. ἁγιασμῷ 1 Ti 2:15; ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ Tit 3:3; ἐν πανουργίᾳ 2 Cor 4:2; ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ σεμνότητι 1 Ti 2:2; ἐν τῇ ἀνοχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:26; ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7; ἐν δόξῃ Phil 4:19.
    ③ marker of extension toward a goal that is understood to be within an area or condition, into: ἐν is somet. used w. verbs of motion where εἰς would normally be expected (Diod S 23, 8, 1 Ἄννων ἐπέρασε ἐν Σικελίᾳ; Hero I 142, 7; 182, 4; Paus. 7, 4, 3 διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ; Epict. 1, 11, 32; 2, 20, 33; Aelian, VH 4, 18; Vett. Val. 210, 26; 212, 6 al., s. index; Pel.-Leg. 1, 4; 5; 2, 1; PParis 10, 2 [145 B.C.] ἀνακεχώρηκεν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ; POxy 294, 4; BGU 22, 13; Tob 5:5 BA; 1 Macc 10:43; TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 23=Stone p. 60 [s. on the LXX Thackeray 25]; πέμψον αὐτοὺς ἐν πολέμῳ En 10:9; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 22 [Stone p. 14] δάκρυα … ἐν τῷ νιπτῆρι πίπτοντα): εἰσέρχεσθαι Lk 9:46; Rv 11:11; ἀπάγειν GJs 6:1; ἀνάγειν 7:1; εἰσάγειν 10:1; καταβαίνειν J 5:3 (4) v.l.; ἀναβαίνειν GJs 22:13; ἀπέρχεσθαι (Diod S 23, 18, 5) Hs 1:6; ἥκειν GJs 5:1; ἀποστέλλειν 25:1. To be understood otherwise: ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λόγος ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ the word went out = spread in all Judaea Lk 7:17; likew. 1 Th 1:8. The metaphorical expr. ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous Lk 1:17 is striking but consistent w. the basic sense of ἐν. S. also γίνομαι, δίδωμι, ἵστημι, καλέω, and τίθημι. ἐν μέσῳ among somet. answers to the question ‘whither’ (B-D-F §215, 3) Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 8:7.
    ④ marker of close association within a limit, in
    ⓐ fig., of pers., to indicate the state of being filled w. or gripped by someth.: in someone=in one’s innermost being ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα in him dwells all the fullness Col 2:9. ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα (prob. to be understood as local, not instrumental, since ἐν αὐ. would otherwise be identical w. διʼ αὐ. in the same vs.) everything was created in association with him 1:16 (cp. M. Ant. 4, 23 ἐν σοὶ πάντα; Herm. Wr. 5, 10; AFeuillet, NTS 12, ’65, 1–9). ἐν τῷ θεῷ κέκρυπται ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν your life is hid in God 3:3; cp. 2:3. Of sin in humans Ro 7:17f; cp. κατεργάζεσθαι vs. 8. Of Christ who, as a spiritual being, fills people so as to be in charge of their lives 8:10; 2 Cor 13:5, abides J 6:56, lives Gal 2:20, and takes form 4:19 in them. Of the divine word: οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν 1J 1:10; μένειν ἔν τινι J 5:38; ἐνοικεῖν Col 3:16. Of God’s spirit: οἰκεῖν (ἐνοικεῖν) ἔν τινι Ro 8:9, 11; 1 Cor 3:16; 2 Ti 1:14. Of spiritual gifts 1 Ti 4:14; 2 Ti 1:6. Of miraculous powers ἐνεργεῖν ἔν τινι be at work in someone Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; ποιεῖν ἔν τινι εὐάρεστον Hb 13:21. The same expr. of God or evil spirits, who somehow work in people: 1 Cor 12:6; Phil 2:13; Eph 2:2 al.
    ⓑ of the whole, w. which the parts are closely joined: μένειν ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ remain in the vine J 15:4. ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι μέλη πολλὰ ἔχομεν in one body we have many members Ro 12:4. κρέμασθαι ἔν τινι depend on someth. Mt 22:40.
    ⓒ esp. in Paul. or Joh. usage, to designate a close personal relation in which the referent of the ἐν-term is viewed as the controlling influence: under the control of, under the influence of, in close association with (cp. ἐν τῷ Δαυιδ εἰμί 2 Km 19:44): of Christ εἶναι, μένειν ἐν τῷ πατρί (ἐν τῷ θεῷ) J 10:38; 14:10f (difft. CGordon, ‘In’ of Predication or Equivalence: JBL 100, ’81, 612f); and of Christians 1J 3:24; 4:13, 15f; be or abide in Christ J 14:20; 15:4f; μένειν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ πατρί 1J 2:24. ἔργα ἐν θεῷ εἰργασμένα done in communion with God J 3:21 (but s. 1e above).—In Paul the relation of the individual to Christ is very oft. expressed by such phrases as ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν κυρίῳ etc., also vice versa (FNeugebauer, NTS 4, ’57/58, 124–38; AWedderburn, JSNT 25, ’85, 83–97) ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός Gal 2:20, but here in the sense of a above.—See, e.g., Dssm., D. ntl. Formel ‘in Christo Jesu’ 1892; EWeber, D. Formel ‘in Chr. Jesu’ u. d. paul. Christusmystik: NKZ 31, 1920, 213ff; LBrun, Zur Formel ‘in Chr. Jesus’ im Phil: Symbolae Arctoae 1, 1922, 19–37; MHansen, Omkring Paulus-Formeln ‘i Kristus’: TK 4/10, 1929, 135–59; HBöhlig, ʼΕν κυρίῳ: GHeinrici Festschr. 1914, 170–75; OSchmitz, D. Christusgemeinschaft d. Pls2 ’56; AWikenhauser, D. Christusmystik d. Pls2 ’56; KMittring, Heilswirklichkeit b. Pls; Beitrag z. Verständnis der unio cum Christo in d. Plsbriefen 1929; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik d. Ap. Pls 1930 (Eng. tr., WMontgomery, The Myst. of Paul the Ap., ’31); WSchmauch, In Christus ’35; BEaston, Pastoral Ep. ’47, 210f; FBüchsel, ‘In Chr.’ b. Pls: ZNW 42, ’49, 141–58. Also HKorn, D. Nachwirkungen d. Christusmystik d. Pls in den Apost. Vätern, diss. Berlin 1928; EAndrews, Interpretation 6, ’52, 162–77; H-LParisius, ZNW 49, ’58, 285–88 (10 ‘forensic’ passages); JAllan, NTS 5, ’58/59, 54–62 (Eph), ibid. 10, ’63, 115–21 (pastorals); FNeugebauer, In Christus, etc. ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body ( 1 Cor 15) ’62, 110–13.—Paul has the most varied expressions for this new life-principle: life in Christ Ro 6:11, 23; love in Christ 8:39; grace, which is given in Christ 1 Cor 1:4; freedom in Chr. Gal 2:4; blessing in Chr. 3:14; unity in Chr. vs. 28. στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ stand firm in the Lord Phil 4:1; εὑρεθῆναι ἐν Χ. be found in Christ 3:9; εἶναι ἐν Χ. 1 Cor 1:30; οἱ ἐν Χ. Ro 8:1.—1 Pt 5:14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χ., ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ 1 Cor 15:18.—Rv 14:13; ζῳοποιεῖσθαι 1 Cor 15:22.—The formula is esp. common w. verbs that denote a conviction, hope, etc. πεποιθέναι Gal 5:10; Phil 1:14; 2 Th 3:4. παρρησίαν ἔχειν Phlm 8. πέπεισμαι Ro 14:14. ἐλπίζειν Phil 2:19. καύχησιν ἔχειν Ro 15:17; 1 Cor 15:31. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Phil 4:2. ὑπακούειν Eph 6:1. λαλεῖν 2 Cor 2:17; 12:19. ἀλήθειαν λέγειν Ro 9:1. λέγειν καὶ μαρτύρεσθαι Eph 4:17. But also apart fr. such verbs, in numerous pass. it is used w. verbs and nouns of the most varied sort, often without special emphasis, to indicate the scope within which someth. takes place or has taken place, or to designate someth. as being in close assoc. w. Christ, and can be rendered, variously, in connection with, in intimate association with, keeping in mind ἁγιάζεσθαι 1 Cor 1:2, or ἅγιος ἐν Χ. Phil 1:1; ἀσπάζεσθαί τινα 1 Cor 16:19. δικαιοῦσθαι Gal 2:17. κοπιᾶν Ro 16:12. παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 4:1. προσδέχεσθαί τινα Ro 16:2; Phil 2:29. χαίρειν 3:1; 4:4, 10. γαμηθῆναι ἐν κυρίῳ marry in the Lord=marry a Christian 1 Cor 7:39. προϊστάμενοι ὑμῶν ἐν κυρίῳ your Christian leaders (in the church) 1 Th 5:12 (but s. προί̈στημι 1 and 2).—εὐάρεστος Col 3:20. νήπιος 1 Cor 3:1. φρόνιμος 4:10. παιδαγωγοί vs. 15. ὁδοί vs. 17. Hence used in periphrasis for ‘Christian’ οἱ ὄντες ἐν κυρίῳ Ro 16:11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Χ. 2 Cor 12:2; αἱ ἐκκλησίαι αἱ ἐν Χ. Gal 1:22; 1 Th 2:14; νεκροὶ ἐν Χ. 4:16; ἐκλεκτός Ro 16:13. δόκιμος vs. 10. δέσμιος Eph 4:1. πιστὸς διάκονος 6:21; ἐν Χ. γεννᾶν τινα become someone’s parent in the Christian life 1 Cor 4:15. τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν κυρίῳ 9:1.—The use of ἐν πνεύματι as a formulaic expression is sim.: ἐν πν. εἶναι be under the impulsion of the spirit, i.e. the new self, as opposed to ἐν σαρκί under the domination of the old self Ro 8:9; cp. ἐν νόμῳ 2:12. λαλεῖν speak under divine inspiration 1 Cor 12:3. ἐγενόμην ἐν πνεύματι I was in a state of inspiration Rv 1:10; 4:2; opp. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος came to himself Ac 12:11 (cp. X., An. 1, 5, 17 et al.).—The expr. ἐν πν. εἶναι is also used to express the idea that someone is under the special infl. of a good or even an undesirable spirit: Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; Lk 2:27; 1 Cor 12:3; Rv 17:3; 21:10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πν. ἀκαθάρτῳ (ὤν) Mk 1:23 (s. GBjörck, ConNeot 7, ’42, 1–3).—ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι be in the power of the evil one 1J 5:19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ those who are subject to the law Ro 3:19. ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ ἀποθνῄσκειν die because of a connection w. Adam 1 Cor 15:22.—On the formula ἐν ὀνόματι (Χριστοῦ) s. ὄνομα 1, esp. dγג. The OT is the source of the expr. ὀμνύναι ἔν τινι swear by someone or someth. (oft. LXX) Mt 5:34ff; 23:16, 18ff; Rv 10:6; παραγγέλλομέν σοι ἐν Ἰησοῦ Ac 19:14 v.l. The usage in ὁμολογεῖν ἔν τινι acknowledge someone Mt 10:32; Lk 12:8 (s. ὁμολογέω 4b) is Aramaic.
    ⑤ marker introducing means or instrument, with, a construction that begins w. Homer (many examples of instrumental ἐν in Radermacher’s edition of Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. p. 100; Reader, Polemo p. 258) but whose wide currency in our lit. is partly caused by the infl. of the LXX, and its similarity to the Hebr. constr. w. בְּ (B-D-F §219; Mlt. 104; Mlt-H. 463f; s. esp. M-M p. 210).
    ⓐ it can serve to introduce persons or things that accompany someone to secure an objective: ‘along with’
    α. pers., esp. of a military force, w. blending of associative (s. 4) and instrumental idea (1 Macc 1:17; 7:14, 28 al.): ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπαντῆσαι meet, w. 10,000 men Lk 14:31 (cp. 1 Macc 4:6, 29 συνήντησεν αὐτοῖς Ἰούδας ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ἀνδρῶν). ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ Jd 14 (cp. Jdth 16:3 ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ).
    β. impers. (oft. LXX; PTebt 41, 5 [c. 119 B.C.]; 16, 14 [114 B.C.]; 45, 17 al., where people rush into the village or the house ἐν μαχαίρῃ, ἐν ὅπλοις). (Just., D. 86, 6 τῆς ἀξίνης, ἐν ἧ πεπορευμένοι ἦσαν … κόψαι ξύλα) ἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔρχεσθαι come with a stick (as a means of discipline) 1 Cor 4:21 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Mort. 23, 3 Ἑρμῆν καθικόμενον ἐν τῇ ῥάβδῳ; Gen 32:11; 1 Km 17:43; 1 Ch 11:23; Dssm., B 115f [BS 120]). ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας with the full blessing Ro 15:29. ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ Mt 16:28. ἐν αἵματι Hb 9:25 (cp. Mi 6:6). ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι 1J 5:6. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει τοῦ Ἠλίου equipped w. the spirit and power of Elijah Lk 1:17. φθάνειν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ come with the preaching of the gospel 2 Cor 10:14. μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ not burdened w. old leaven 1 Cor 5:8.
    ⓑ it can serve to express means or instrumentality in terms of location for a specific action (cp. TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 5f [Stone p. 30] κρατῶν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ζυγόν; Tat. 9, 2 οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεσσοῖς ἀθύροντες ‘those who play w. gaming pieces’ [as, e.g., in backgammon]): κατακαίειν ἐν πυρί Rv 17:16 (cp. Bar 1:2; 1 Esdr 1:52; 1 Macc 5:5 al.; as early as Il. 24, 38; cp. POxy 2747, 74; Aelian, HA 14, 15. Further, the ἐν Rv 17:16 is not textually certain). ἐν ἅλατι ἁλίζειν, ἀρτύειν Mt 5:13; Mk 9:50; Lk 14:34 (s. M-M p. 210; WHutton, ET 58, ’46/47, 166–68). ἐν τῷ αἵματι λευκαίνειν Rv 7:14. ἐν αἵματι καθαρίζειν Hb 9:22. ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἀποκτείνειν kill with the sword Rv 6:8 (1 Esdr 1:50; 1 Macc 2:9; cp. 3:3; Jdth 16:4; ἀπολεῖ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ En 99:16; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] ἐν ῥ. πεσῇ … πεσοῦνται ἐν μαχαίρῃ; cp. Lucian, Hist. Conscrib. 12 ἐν ἀκοντίῳ φονεύειν). ἐν μαχαίρῃ πατάσσειν Lk 22:49 (διχοτομήσατε … ἐν μ. GrBar 16:3); ἐν μ. ἀπόλλυσθαι perish by the sword Mt 26:52. ποιμαίνειν ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ Rv 2:27; 12:5; 19:15 (s. ποιμαίνω 2aγ and cp. PGM 36, 109). καταπατεῖν τι ἐν τοῖς ποσίν tread someth. w. the feet Mt 7:6 (cp. Sir 38:29). δύο λαοὺς βλέπω ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου I see two peoples with my eyes GJs 17:2 (ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὀρᾶν=see with the eyes: cp. Il. 1, 587; Od. 8, 459; Callinus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 1, 20 Diehl2). ποιεῖν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι do a mighty deed w. one’s arm Lk 1:51 (cp. Sir 38:30); cp. 11:20. δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν τῷ αἵματι be justified by the blood Ro 5:9. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2; ἐν τ. παρακλήσει 2 Cor 7:7. εὐλογεῖν ἐν εὐλογίᾳ Eph 1:3. λαλοῦντες ἑαυτοῖς ἐν ψάλμοις 5:19. ἀσπάσασθαι … ἐν εὐχῇ greet w. prayer GJs 24:1. Of intellectual process γινώσκειν ἔν τινι know or recognize by someth. (cp. Thuc. 7, 11, 1 ἐν ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε; Sir 4:24; 11:28; 26:29) J 13:35; 1J 3:19; cp. ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου in the breaking of bread Lk 24:35 (s. 10c).—The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).—ἐν ᾧ whereby Ro 14:21.—The idiom ἀλλάσσειν, μεταλλάσσειν τι ἔν τινι exchange someth. for someth. else Ro 1:23, 25 (cp. Ps 105:20) is not un-Greek (Soph., Ant. 945 Danaë had to οὐράνιον φῶς ἀλλάξαι ἐν χαλκοδέτοις αὐλαῖς=change the heavenly light for brass-bound chambers).
    ⑥ marker of agency: with the help of (Diod S 19, 46, 4 ἐν τοῖς μετέχουσι τοῦ συνεδρίου=with the help of the members of the council; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 7, 9 p. 259, 31 ἐν ἐκείνῳ ἑαλωκότες) ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια Mt 9:34. ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις λαλεῖν 1 Cor 14:21. κρίνειν τ. οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρί Ac 17:31 (cp. SIG2 850, 8 [173/172 B.C.] κριθέντω ἐν ἄνδροις τρίοις; Synes., Ep. 91 p. 231b ἐν ἀνδρί); perh. 1 Cor 6:2 (s. 1e); ἀπολύτρωσις ἐν Χρ. redemption through Christ Ro 3:24 (cp. ἐν αὐτῷ σωθήσεσθε Just., A I, 60, 3).
    ⑦ marker of circumstance or condition under which someth. takes place: ἐν ᾧ κρίνεις Ro 2:1 (but s. B-D-F §219, 2); ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει 14:22; ἐν ᾧ καυχῶνται 2 Cor 11:12; ἐν ᾧ τις τολμᾷ 11:21; ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν whereas they slander 1 Pt 2:12, cp. 3:16 (on these Petrine pass. s. also ὅς 1k); ἐν ᾧ ξενίζονται in view of your changed attitude they consider it odd 4:4. ἐν ᾧ in 3:19 may similarly refer to a changed circumstance, i.e. from death to life (WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits, ’65, esp. 135–42: ‘in this sphere, under this influence’ [of the spirit]). Other possibilities: as far as this is concerned: πνεῦμα• ἐν ᾧ spirit; as which (FZimmermann, APF 11, ’35, 174 ‘meanwhile’ [indessen]; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism, ’46, 108–15: ‘on that occasion’=when he died).—Before a substantive inf. (oft. LXX; s. KHuber, Unters. über den Sprachchar. des griech. Lev., diss. Zürich 1916, 83): in that w. pres. inf. (POxy 743, 35 [2 B.C.] ἐν τῷ δέ με περισπᾶσθαι οὐκ ἠδυνάσθην συντυχεῖν Ἀπολλωνίῳ; Just., D. 10, 3 ἐν τῷ μήτε σάββατα τηρεῖν μήτε …) βασανιζομένους ἐν τῷ ἐλαύνειν as they were having rough going in the waves=having a difficult time making headway Mk 6:48. ἐθαύμαζον ἐν τῷ χρονίζειν … αὐτόν they marveled over his delay Lk 1:21. ἐν τῷ τὴν χεῖρα ἐκτείνειν σε in that you extend your hand Ac 4:30; cp. 3:26; Hb 8:13. W. aor. inf. ἐν τῷ ὑποτάξαι αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα Hb 2:8. Somet. the circumstantial and temporal (s. 7 and 10) uses are so intermingled that it is difficult to decide between them; so in some of the pass. cited above, and also Hv 1, 1, 8 et al. (B-D-F §404, 3; Rob. 1073).—WHutton, Considerations for the Translation of ἐν, Bible Translator 9, ’58, 163–70; response by NTurner, ibid. 10, ’59, 113–20.—On ἐν w. article and inf. s. ISoisalon-Soininen, Die Infinitive in der LXX, ’65, 80ff.
    ⑧ marker denoting the object to which someth. happens or in which someth. shows itself, or by which someth. is recognized, to, by, in connection with: ζητεῖν τι ἔν τινι require someth. in the case of someone 1 Cor 4:2; cp. ἐν ἡμῖν μάθητε so that you might learn in connection w. us vs. 6. Cp. Phil 1:30. ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί that this may be done in my case 1 Cor 9:15 (Just., D. 77, 3 τοῦτο γενόμενον ἐν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ Χριστῷ). ἐδόξαζον ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν θεόν perh. they glorified God in my case Gal 1:24, though because of me and for me are also possible. μήτι ἐν ἐμοὶ ἀνεκεφαλαιώθη ἡ ἱστορία GJs 13:1 (s. ἀνακεφαλαιόω 1). ποιεῖν τι ἔν τινι do someth. to (with) someone (Epict., Ench. 33, 12; Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 18 μὴ ἑτεροῖόν τι ποιήσῃς ἐν ἐμοί; Gen 40:14; Jdth 7:24; 1 Macc 7:23) Mt 17:12; Lk 23:31. ἐργάζεσθαί τι ἔν τινι Mk 14:6. ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι have someth. in someone J 3:15 (but ἐν αὐτῷ is oft. constr. w. πιστεύων, cp. v.l.); cp. 14:30 (s. BNoack, Satanas u. Soteria ’48, 92). ἵνα δικαιοσύνης ναὸν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ σώματι ἀναδείξῃ AcPlCor 2:17 (s. ἀναδείκνυμι 1).—For the ordinary dat. (Diod S 3, 51, 4 ἐν ἀψύχῳ ἀδύνατον=it is impossible for a lifeless thing; Ael. Aristid. 49, 15 K.=25 p. 492 D.: ἐν Νηρίτῳ θαυμαστὰ ἐνεδείξατο=[God] showed wonderful things to N.; 53 p. 629 D.: οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς βελτίστοις εἰσὶ παῖδες, ἐν δὲ πονηροτάτοις οὐκέτι=it is not the case that the very good have children, and the very bad have none [datives of possession]; 54 p. 653 D.: ἐν τ. φαύλοις θετέον=to the bad; EpJer 66 ἐν ἔθνεσιν; Aesop, Fab. 19, 8 and 348a, 5 v.l. Ch.) ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοί Gal 1:16. φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς Ro 1:19 (Aesop 15c, 11 Ch. τ. φανερὸν ἐν πᾶσιν=evident to all). ἐν ἐμοὶ βάρβαρος (corresp. to τῷ λαλοῦντι βάρβ.) 1 Cor 14:11 (Amphis Com. [IV B.C.] 21 μάταιός ἐστιν ἐν ἐμοί). δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις Ac 4:12. θεῷ … ἐν ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:14.—Esp. w. verbs of striking against: προσκόπτω, πταίω, σκανδαλίζομαι; s. these entries.
    ⑨ marker of cause or reason, because of, on account of (PParis 28, 13=UPZ 48, 12f [162/161 B.C.] διαλυόμενοι ἐν τῷ λιμῷ; Ps 30:11; 1 Macc 16:3 ἐν τῷ ἐλέει; 2 Macc 7:29; Sir 33:17)
    ⓐ gener. ἁγιάζεσθαι ἔν τινι Hb 10:10; 1 Cor 7:14. ἐν τ. ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν Ro 1:24; perh. ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα 9:7; Hb 11:18 (both Gen 21:12). ἐν τῇ πολυλογίᾳ αὐτῶν because of their many words Mt 6:7. ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν this is the reason why we believe J 16:30; cp. Ac 24:16; 1 Cor 4:4 (Just., D. 68, 7 οὐχὶ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δυσωπήσω ὑμᾶς μὴ πείθεσθαι τοῖς διδασκάλοις ὑμῶν=‘surely you will be convinced by this [argument] to lose confidence in your teachers, won’t you?’); perh. 2 Cor 5:2. Sim., of the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ at this statement Ac 7:29; cp. 8:6. W. attraction ἐν ᾧ = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that = because Ro 8:3; Hb 2:18; 6:17.
    ⓑ w. verbs that express feeling or emotion, to denote that toward which the feeling is directed; so: εὐδοκεῖν (εὐδοκία), εὐφραίνεσθαι, καυχᾶσθαι, χαίρειν et al.
    ⑩ marker of a period of time, in, while, when
    ⓐ indicating an occurrence or action within which, at a certain point, someth. occurs Mt 2:1. ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις 3:1. ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς afterward Lk 7:11. ἐν τῷ μεταξύ meanwhile (PTebt 72, 190; PFlor 36, 5) J 4:31. in the course of, within ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις (X., Ages. 1, 34; Diod S 13, 14, 2; 20, 83, 4; Arrian, Anab. 4, 6, 4 ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις; Aelian, VH 1, 6; IPriene 9, 29; GDI 1222, 4 [Arcadia] ἰν ἁμέραις τρισί; EpArist 24; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1:3 Jac.) Mt 27:40; J 2:19f.
    ⓑ point of time when someth. occurs ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως Mt 11:22 (En 10:6; Just., D. 38, 2; Tat. 12, 4). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ J 6:44; 11:24; 12:48; cp. 7:37. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ Mt 8:13; 10:19; cp. 7:22; J 4:53. ἐν σαββάτῳ 12:2; J 7:23. ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ J 11:9 (opp. ἐν τῇ νυκτί vs. 10). ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ on the second visit Ac 7:13. ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ in the new age Mt 19:28. ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ 1 Cor 15:23; 1 Th 2:19; 3:13; Phil 2:12 (here, in contrast to the other pass., there is no reference to the second coming of Christ.—Just., D. 31, 1 ἐν τῇ ἐνδόξῳ γινομένῃ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ; 35, 8; 54, 1 al.); 1J 2:28. ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει in the resurrection Mt 22:28; Mk 12:23; Lk 14:14; 20:33; J 11:24 (Just., D. 45, 2 ἐν τῇ τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσει). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι at the last trumpet-call 1 Cor 15:52. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει at the appearance of Jesus/Christ (in the last days) 2 Th 1:7; 1 Pt 1:7, 13; 4:13.
    ⓒ to introduce an activity whose time is given when, while, during (Diod S 23, 12, 1 ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις=in the case of this kind of behavior) ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ when (you) pray Mt 21:22. ἐν τῇ στάσει during the revolt Mk 15:7. ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ in the course of his teaching Mk 4:2; 12:38. If Lk 24:35 belongs here, the sense would be on the occasion of, when (but s. 5b). ἐν αὐτῷ in it (the preaching of the gospel) Eph 6:20. γρηγοροῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ (τῇ προσευχῇ) while you are watchful in it Col 4:2. Esp. w. the pres. inf. used substantively: ἐν τῷ σπείρειν while (he) sowed Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; cp. 6:48 (s. 7 above and βασανίζω); ἐν τῷ καθεύδειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους while people were asleep Mt 13:25; ἐν τῷ κατηγορεῖσθαι αὐτόν during the accusations against him 27:12. W. the aor. inf. the meaning is likewise when. Owing to the fundamental significance of the aor. the action is the focal point (s. Rob. 1073, opp. B-D-F §404) ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι τὴν φωνήν Lk 9:36. ἐν τῷ ἐπανελθεῖν αὐτόν 19:15. ἐν τῷ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτούς 9:34.—W. ἐν ᾦ while, as long as (Soph., Trach. 929; Cleanthes [IV/III B.C.] Stoic. I p. 135, 1 [Diog. L. 7, 171]; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 11 Jac.; Plut., Mor. 356c; Arrian, Anab. 6, 12, 1; Pamprepios of Panopolis [V A.D.] 1, 22 [ed. HGerstinger, SBWienAk 208/3, 1928]) Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34; 24:44 D; J 5:7.
    ⑪ marker denoting kind and manner, esp. functioning as an auxiliary in periphrasis for adverbs (Kühner-G. I 466): ἐν δυνάμει w. power, powerfully Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ justly Ac 17:31; Rv 19:11 (cp. Just., A II, 4, 3 and D. 16, 3; 19, 2 ἐν δίκῃ). ἐν χαρᾷ joyfully Ro 15:32. ἐν ἐκτενείᾳ earnestly Ac 26:7. ἐν σπουδῇ zealously Ro 12:8. ἐν χάριτι graciously Gal 1:6; 2 Th 2:16. ἐν (πάσῃ) παρρησίᾳ freely, openly J 7:4; 16:29; Phil 1:20. ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ Ac 5:23. ἐν τάχει (PHib 47, 35 [256 B.C.] ἀπόστειλον ἐν τάχει) Lk 18:8; Ro 16:20; Rv 1:1; 22:6. ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7 (belongs prob. not to σοφία, but to λαλοῦμεν: in the form of a secret; cp. Polyb. 23, 3, 4; 26, 7, 5; Just., D. 63, 2 Μωυσῆς … ἐν παραβολῇ λέγων; 68, 6 εἰρήμενον … ἐν μυστηρίῳ; Diod S 17, 8, 5 ἐν δωρεαῖς λαβόντες=as gifts; 2 Macc 4:30 ἐν δωρεᾷ=as a gift; Sir 26:3; Polyb. 28, 17, 9 λαμβάνειν τι ἐν φερνῇ). Of the norm: ἐν μέτρῳ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου μέρους acc. to the measure of each individual part Eph 4:16. On 1 Cor 1:21 s. AWedderburn, ZNW 64, ’73, 132–34.
    ⑫ marker of specification or substance: w. adj. πλούσιος ἐν ἐλέει Eph 2:4; cp. Tit 2:3; Js 1:8.—of substance consisting in (BGU 72, 11 [191 A.D.] ἐξέκοψαν πλεῖστον τόπον ἐν ἀρούραις πέντε) τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν Eph 2:15. ἐν μηδενὶ λειπόμενοι Js 1:4 (contrast Just., A I, 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι). Hb 13:21a.— amounting to (BGU 970, 14=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 242, 14f [177 A.D.] προσηνενκάμην αὐτῷ προοῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις) πᾶσαν τὴν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε Ac 7:14.—Very rarely for the genitive (Philo Mech. 75, 29 τὸ ἐν τῷ κυλίνδρῳ κοίλασμα; EpArist 31 ἡ ἐν αὐτοῖς θεωρία = ἡ αὐτῶν θ.; cp. 29; Tat. 18, 1 πᾶν τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ εἶδος) ἡ δωρεὰ ἐν χάριτι the free gift in beneficence or grace Ro 5:15.—DELG. LfgrE s.v. ἐν col. 569 (lit. esp. early Greek). M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐν

  • 15 падать духом

    сов. в. - пасть (упасть) духом
    разг.
    lose heart; despond; be dejected; become despondent (disheartened, downhearted); let one's spirits sink

    Нет, не нужно падать духом; буду бороться до конца, до последних сил. Ведь если меня найдут, я спасён. (В. Гаршин, Четыре дня) — No, you mustn't let your spirits sink; I'll struggle on to the end, to the last of my strength. For, should I be found, I would be saved.

    Нина. Он не верил в театр, всё смеялся над моими мечтами, и мало-помалу я тоже перестала верить и пала духом... (А. Чехов, Чайка) — Nina....He did not believe in the stage, he always laughed at my dreams and little by little I left off believing in it too, and lost heart...

    Я совсем упал духом. Очевидно, тягаться с Крамовым было бесполезно. (А. Чаковский, Год жизни) — I felt utterly dejected. Obviously, it was useless to try to compete with Kramov.

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > падать духом

  • 16 masoka

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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] iron wire
    [Part of Speech] noun
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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] iron brass
    [Part of Speech] noun
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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] brass wire
    [Part of Speech] noun
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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] iron wire
    [Part of Speech] noun
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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] delusion
    [Part of Speech] noun
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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] jest
    [Part of Speech] noun
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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] joke
    [English Plural] jokes
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Swahili Example] maneno yake yasikutishe, yeye ni mtu wa masoka sana
    [English Example] "Don't believe what he says, he is a wag/joker".
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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] madness
    [Part of Speech] noun
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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] mania
    [Part of Speech] noun
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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] evil spirit
    [Part of Speech] noun
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    [Swahili Word] masoka
    [English Word] spirit of an ancestor
    [English Plural] spirits
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 6an
    [Swahili Example] ibaada ya mahoka (or mizimu)
    [English Example] ancestor worship
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    Swahili-english dictionary > masoka

  • 17 diab|eł

    m (D diabłu, N pl diabli a. diabły) 1. (upadły anioł) devil
    - wierzyć w diabły to believe in evil spirits
    - zapisać a. zaprzedać duszę diabłu to sell one’s soul to the devil
    - diabeł go opętał a. diabeł w niego wstąpił he’s acting as if possessed by the Devil a. as if the Devil has got into him
    - nie ma i już, diabeł ogonem nakrył it’s just disappeared, vanished into thin air
    - sam diabeł a. żaden diabeł nie zrozumie/nie znajdzie the Devil himself wouldn’t understand it/find it
    - niech cię/go/to diabli porwą a. wezmą pot. to hell with you/him/it
    2. przen. little fiend
    - to dziecko to istny diabeł a. to diabeł wcielony! this child is the/a devil incarnate!
    - ten diabeł mało jej nie udusił the little fiend nearly strangled her
    - to diabeł, nauczył się angielskiego w trzy miesiące! the clever devil managed to learn English in just three months
    - □ diabeł tasmański Zool. Tasmanian devil
    ■ do diabła (i trochę) pot. (bardzo dużo) heaps pot.; lots
    - do diabła z nim/tym! pot. to hell with him/it!
    - co do diabła a. u diabła tu robisz? pot. what the hell are you doing here?
    - kim ty do diabła a. u diabła jesteś? pot. who the hell are you?
    - na diabła a. po (kiego) diabła? pot. what the devil?, what the hell?
    - po (kiego) diabła ci ten zepsuty rower? what the devil do you need that broken bike for?
    - po diabła się wtrącasz? why the devil a. hell are you interfering?
    - ni diabła nie można zrozumieć pot. the Devil himself wouldn’t understand
    - za diabła nie chciał powiedzieć/podpisać pot. he refused point-blank to say/sign
    - diabła tam! pot. damn!
    - jeden diabeł pot. same thing
    - on czy jego brat, jeden diabeł him, or his brother, makes no difference!
    - ki a. jaki diabeł? pot. who the hell?
    - ki diabeł o tej porze? who the hell can that be at this time of night?
    - idź do diabła a. do stu diabłów a. w diabły pot. go to hell!, to hell with you!
    - mieć diabła za skórą to be totally unbearable
    - posłać kogoś do diabła a. do stu diabłów a. w diabły to tell sb to go to hell
    - rzuć do diabła a. w diabły tę robotę! pot. ditch the job!
    - diabeł go/ją podkusił a. diabli go/ją podkusili what the hell possessed him/her to…
    - diabli ją nadali a. diabli ją przynieśli pot. what a damn nuisance
    - diabli (go) wiedzą pot. who the hell knows
    - diabli go/ją wiedzą kto/gdzie/jak pot. who the hell knows who/where/how
    - być złym jak sto diabłów to be absolutely furious; to be on the warpath pot.
    - on jest diabła wart/to jest diabła warte pot. he’s/it’s totally worthless
    - tam, gdzie diabeł mówi dobranoc in the middle of nowhere
    - diabeł tkwi w szczegółach the devil’s in the detail
    - co nagle, to po diable przysł. more haste, less speed
    - gdzie diabeł nie może, tam babę pośle przysł. where the Devil cannot go himself, he sends a woman
    - jak się człowiek spieszy, to się diabeł cieszy przysł. more haste, less speed
    - nie taki diabeł straszny (jak go malują) przysł. the devil’s not so black as he is painted

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > diab|eł

  • 18 валиться из рук

    неодобр.
    1) (не удаваться, не ладиться из-за неловкости, неуклюжести кого-либо) cf. one's fingers are (go) all thumbs; one is all thumbs; one is ham-handed (ham-fisted); butter-fingers

    А сама [Катя] неумелая, неряха - всё у неё валилось из рук. (И. Грекова, За проходной) — Katya was a slovenly girl whose fingers were all thumbs.

    2) (не ладиться из-за плохого настроения, апатии, присутствия кого-либо и т. п.) one has not the heart to do anything; one cannot get down to anything; all one's efforts end in failure; one is all thumbs

    - Аделаида - пейзажи и портреты пишет (и ничего кончить не может), а Аглая сидит, ничего не делает. У меня тоже дело из рук валится: ничего не выходит. (Ф. Достоевский, Идиот) — 'Adelaida paints landscapes or portraits (which she never finishes), while Aglaia just sits there, doing nothing. I can't get down to anything either; I don't seem able to.'

    До сих пор его донимал насморк, и от этого было скверное настроение. Ничего не хотелось делать, всё валилось из рук. (Ю. Трифонов, Студенты) — He still had a wretched cold in the head, which kept him in low spirits. He had no desire to do anything whatsoever, and all his efforts ended in failure.

    - Припрётся в кабинет, сядет и смотрит. Вот веришь, Фёдор Иванович, я под чужими глазами работать не могу - всё из рук валится... (В. Липатов, Деревенский детектив) — 'He comes barging into my office, takes a seat and sits there watching - believe it or not, Fyodor Ivanovich, I cannot work when people are breathing down my neck - my fingers go all thumbs.'

    Когда её нет, он скучает, места себе не находит, всё валится у него из рук. (Ю. Казаков, Трали-вали) — Without her he fretted and felt lonely, he could not put his hand to anything.

    Я действительно в последние дни места себе не нахожу, ничего не делаю - всё из рук валится и сплю скверно. (Б. Можаев, Трое) — It was true I had been a bit restless lately and had been unable to get anything done - I was all thumbs and had been sleeping badly too.

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > валиться из рук

  • 19 aan geesten geloven

    aan geesten geloven
    believe in ghosts/spirits

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > aan geesten geloven

  • 20 geest

    1 [datgene in de mens wat denkt, voelt en wil] mind ⇒ consciousness
    2 [ziel] soul
    3 [verstand; zetel van de gedachte] mind
    4 [aard, karakter] spirit ⇒ character
    5 [God] ghost, spirit
    6 [bezieling, stemming] spirit ⇒ atmosphere 〈 van een plaats〉
    7 [strekking] spirit ⇒ vein, intention
    8 [schim, verschijning] ghost ⇒ spirit
    ♦voorbeelden:
    2   〈 schertsend〉 zijn auto gaf de geest • his car gave up the ghost
    3   de tegenwoordigheid van geest hebben om • have the presence of mind to
         een scherpe geest • a vigorous/sharp mind
         daar speelt mij iets door/voor de geest • I have something in mind
         voor de geest staan • be in one's mind 〈 bijvoorbeeld herinnering〉
         iets voor de geest halen/roepen • call something to mind
         voedsel voor/van de geest • food for thought
    4   jong van geest zijn • be young in spirit/at heart
         〈 spreekwoord〉 de geest is gewillig, maar het vlees is zwak • the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak
    5   de Heilige Geest • the Holy Ghost/Spirit
         de geest krijgen • be moved by the spirit; 〈 figuurlijk〉 get inspiration
    6   er heerst een goede geest in het team • there's a great spirit in the team
    7   naar letter en geest • in letter and spirit
         dit stuk is in de geest van Vondel geschreven • this play is written in a Vondelian vein
    8   een boze/kwade geest • an evil spirit, a demon
         aan geesten geloven • believe in ghosts/spirits
    ¶   zij zei iets in de geest van: … • she said something to the effect that …

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > geest

Страницы
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